In this paper we describe our participation in the SemEval 2014, Task 5, consisting of the construction of a translation assistance system that translates L1 fragments, written in L2 context, to their correct L2 translation. Our approach consists of a bilingual parallel corpus, a system of syntactic features extraction and a statistical memory-based classification algorithm. Our system ranked 4...

Determining whether an author is writing in their native language (L1) or a second language (L2) is a problem that lies at the intersection of four traditional NLP tasks: native language identification, similar language identification, detecting translationese, and grammatical error correction. In general, the goal of the language learner is to improve their proficiency until their writing is i...

This paper provides descriptive data that reflect the locations where L1-L2 translation and L2-L1 translation occur. Seven English majors, juniors, were instructed and trained to produce their written texts in English and to “think aloud” at the same time. The thinking-aloud protocol was transcribed and analyzed and categorized into different sets. This paper only focuses on the part of L1-L2 a...

In this paper we describe an experimental study of crosslanguage priming effects between Chinese and English. The priming effects for both translation equivalents and semantically related word pairs were examined from a developmental aspect, in particular under three different situations according to bilinguals’ second language (English) proficiency level measured by CPVT and language history q...

We study L (or Lr,∞) boundedness for bilinear translation-invariant operators with nonnegative kernels acting on functions on R. We prove that if such operators are bounded on some products of Lebesgue spaces, then their kernels must necessarily be integrable functions on R, while via a counterexample we show that the converse statement is not valid. We provide certain necessary and some suffic...

Throughout much of the history research into second language acquisition (SLA), role learners’ first (L1) has been a hotly debated issue. Prodromou (2000) refers to mother tongue as ‘skeleton in closet’, while Gabrielatos (2001) calls it ‘bone contention’. Such views are but mere reflection different methodological shifts English Language Teaching, which have brought about new and outlooks on t...

Abstract The concept of equivalence, despite the criticism it has received in past decades, remains a useful framework for study correspondence between legal terms. In present article, I address question direction-asymmetric equivalence translation, i.e. that does not obey “one-to-one” principle, and which usually implies translator’s decision-making is more difficult one direction than other. ...

L1 interference in Lao students’ English writing and translation is widely believed to be a source of errors, but it has not been taken into account. As result, becomes interlanguage which considered as an error. This research aimed at investigating the errors translation. To collect data, tests were administered 213 (= 30%) EFL university students Department Language (DEL) Vientiane Capital, P...

The mechanism of substrate translocation through the ribosome is central to the rapid and faithful translation of mRNA into proteins. The rate-limiting step in translocation is an unlocking process that includes the formation of an "unlocked" intermediate state, which requires the convergence of large-scale conformational events within the ribosome including tRNA hybrid states formation, closur...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are prevalent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals. To highlight the effect of HIV on HPV expression, HPV-18-positive HIV-permissive HeLa-T4 cells were either infected with HIV-1 or treated with Tat or with the cytokines IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. The presence of HPV-18 E1 (early) and L1 (late) transcripts was then determ...