Landscape architects play important roles in addressing societal challenges. To successfully address these challenges, this essay argues that they need to expand their understanding of boundaries and engage boundary thinking. Distinguishing between physical, mental socially constructed boundaries, we characterise thinking as a creative process productive motive designing landscapes. Subsequentl...

Regulating lines are visible or implied lines used to compose and construct artifacts, buildings, landscapes or other objects. In landscape architecture, regulating lines have been used from antiquity. During the renaissance, for example, many French formal gardens were organized with symmetry and Euclidean geometry as organizing elements. These formal gardens often had visible or implied regul...

3148 Michael Lennon1 Karen Foley2 1. School of Planning and Geography, Cardiff University, Wales 2. UCD School of Architecture, University College Dublin, Ireland. Theme: Cultivation of Ideas (Reflective paper) Title: Repositioning Landscape Architecture: Can Green Infrastructure (GI) support the profession’s evolution? ABSTRACT While scientists continue to debate whether-or-not we have entered...

The technology of virtual reality is an advanced computer user interface technology, which provides users with a variety of intuitive and natural real-time senses and interactive means in the aspects of vision, touch, taste,etc, thus realizing the most convenient user-computer interaction without any complicated keyboard operation and improving the efficiency of the whole system. virtual realit...

City growth and environmental difficulties last decades leads the art of urban design and development think more precisely and new approaches for conserving environment and developing urban areas have been evolved.The present study deals with concepts related to ecology in the city and in particular the theory of Ecological Urbanism and its criteria is expressed. Also theory and characteristics...

a Department of Sociology, Colorado State University, B235 Clark Building, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1784, United States b Department of Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1771, United States c Environmental Planning and Sustainability Research Unit, Department of Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3137, United State...