Morphological synthesis is an essential part of any natural language generation system. bengali is a highly inflectional language with more than 160 different inflected forms for verbs and 36 different forms for nouns, and 24 different forms for pronouns. Moreover, the choice and ordering of suffixes for nouns and structural changes in verb morphology are dependent on the type (animate/inanimat...

Stemming is the process of reducing words to their stems or roots. Due to the morphological richness and complexity of the Arabic language, stemming is an essential part of most Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks for this language. In this paper, we study the impact of different stemming approaches on the Named Entity Recognition (NER) task for Arabic and explore the merits, limitations an...

Stemming is the process of extracting root word from the given inflection word. It also plays significant role in numerous application of Natural Language Processing (NLP). The stemming problem has addressed in many contexts and by researchers in many disciplines. This expository paper presents survey of some of the latest developments on stemming algorithms in data mining and also presents wit...

The primary container type in LISP is the list. The elements of a list may also be lists, so the primary container type is technically a tree. LISP, like C, can be thought of as having a sub-language for accessing elements from objects of the primary container type. This sub-language has at its root the functions car and cdr, so before describing the sub-language in detail, lets see if we can m...

BACKGROUND The aorta is exposed to hemodynamic stress during exercise, but whether or not the aorta is larger in athletes is not clear. We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to examine whethere athletes demonstrate increased aortic root dimensions compared with nonathlete controls. METHODS AND RESULTS We searched MEDLINE and Scopus from inception through August 12, 201...

CRESS (CHISEL Representation Employing Systematic Specification) is a notation and set of tools for graphical specification and analysis of services. It is applicable wherever a system consists of base functionality to which may be added selected services. The CRESS notation is introduced for root diagrams, service diagrams, and rules governing their behaviour. It is shown how CRESS can represe...

“Natural Language,” whether spoken and attended to by humans, or processed and generated by computers, requires a series of structures and networks that reflect creative processes in semantic, syntactic, phonetic, linguistic, social, emotional, and cultural modules. Being able to produce novel and useful behavior following repeated practice gets to the root of both artificial intelligence and h...

The principal claim of this paper is that a single parameter determines both whether a language permits productive root compounding, and whether the language permits syntactic complex predicates. The relevant parameter meets the classical (Chomsky 1981) criterion of having consequences across a sizable range of superficially disparate grammatical constructions, but is not reducible to the infor...

Recently, much attention has focused on the so-called Root Infinitive(RI) phenomenon, where children in languages such as German use infinitival verbs in root context, seemingly optionally. English has been argued to be an RI language (Wexler 1994), though English speaking children use bare stems instead of infinitives. Languages such as Italian, however, have been shown not to exhibit RIs in e...