BACKGROUND The authors compared the performance of a prototype intubation aid that incorporated plastic illumination and image guides into a stylet with fiberoptic bronchoscopy and direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation by novice users. METHODS In a randomized, nonblinded design, patients were assigned to direct laryngoscopy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, or imaging stylet intubation groups. ...

Background: Intraoperative sympathetic stimulation induces a cascade of metabolic and hormonal changes. It increases perfusion vital organs, but also causes vasoconstriction blood vessels supplying less potentially leading to organ injury. To date, it is unknown how an endogenous stress reaction affects the spinal cord supply. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be applied paravertebrally mon...

The effect of premedication with intramuscular atropine and glycopyrrolate on the cardiovascular changes resulting from the performance of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation has been evaluated in two groups of 25 patients undergoing surgery. Neither atropine nor glycopyrrolate attenuated the hypertensive and tachycardic response to laryngoscopy and intubation; both significantly enhanced it (...

Background Direct laryngoscopy is the primary method for performing tracheal intubation in the pre-hospital setting. Failure to quickly establish an airway can result in hypoxemia, aspiration, neurologic damage, cardiovascular complications, and death. In-hospital data derived form 50,760 apparently normal patients undergoing surgery suggest that difficult laryngoscopy occurs in 5.8% [1]. When ...

Aim. the aim of the research is to evaluate the possibilities of diagnosing laryngeal injuries with the use of laryngoscopy and ultrasonographic examination. Material and methods. there were diagnosed and treated 15 children aged 5-14 (6 girls and 9 boys) with external injuries of the larynx. in all cases laryngoscopy under general anesthesia and radiological examinations including ultrasound o...

BACKGROUND To potentially optimize intubation skill teaching in an American Heart Association® Airway Management Course® for novices, we investigated the transfer of skills from video laryngoscopy to direct laryngoscopy and vice versa using King Vision® and Macintosh blade laryngoscopes respectively. METHODS Ninety volunteers (medical students, residents and staff physicians) without prior in...

Intr The hemodynamic effects of laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are well known. A variety of drugs, like fentanyl, esmolol and lately dexmetomidine, have been used in order to attenuate the stress response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Esmolol is an ultrashort acting beta 1 selective adrenergic antagonist, while dexmetomidine is an alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonist. Fe...

Haemodynamic changes (supraventricular tachycardia, decreases in arterial pressure) were observed during laryngoscopy and intubation of the trachea in a patient receiving nifedipine and verapamil. Before the induced stresses of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, these drugs had controlled the patient's arterial pressure and heart rate satisfactorily, and possible reasons why this was not so ...

Twenty patients with severe pregnancy induced (PIH) or pregnancy aggravated (PAH) hypertension, undergoing general anaesthesia for Caesarean section were studied. All patients received a standard anaesthetic technique designed to control the potentially dangerous, reflex cardiovascular instability associated with laryngoscopy. The average increase in systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was 56.4 mm...