Introduction: We have obtained multiple contemporaneous ground and space-based visible and hyperspectral infrared observations of a persistent active lava lake, one of the rarest volcanonological phenomenon. This unique dataset advances our understanding of remote sensing of lava lake activity on Earth and Io. The Mt. Erebus lava lake: Active lava lakes are the top of an open magma system and p...

Kansas Lava is a domain specific language for hardware description. Though there have been a number of previous implementations of Lava, we have found the design space rich, with unexplored choices. We use a direct (Chalmers style) specification of circuits, and make significant use of Haskell overloading of standard classes, leading to concise circuit descriptions. Kansas Lava supports both si...

The 2D Cellular Automata model, MAGFLOW, simulates lava flows and an algorithm based on the Monte Carlo approach solves the anisotropic flow direction problem. The model was applied to reproduce a lava flow formed during the 2001 Etna eruption. This eruption provided the opportunity to verify the ability of MAGFLOW to simulate the path of lava flows which was made possible due to the availabili...

Abstract Recent eruptions of the Shinmoedake volcano, Japan, have provided a valuable opportunity to investigate transition between explosive and effusive eruptions. In October 2017, phreatic/phreatomagmatic explosions occurred. They were followed in March 2018 by phase hybrid activity with simultaneous lava flows then intermittent, Vulcanian-style explosions. Evolution surface phenomena, tempo...

The very high temperature contrast between magma/lava and water ice commonly leads to the assumption that significant melting will take place immediately upon magma/lava ice contact, yet observations of active flows show little evidence of voluminous melting upon contact. We use analytical thermal models to reassess the efficiency with which heat can be transferred from magma to ice in three si...

Volcanic eruptions and lava flows comprise one of the most highly stressed terrestrial environments for the survival of biological organisms; the destruction of botanical and biological colonies by molten lava, pyroclastic flows, lahars, poisonous gas emissions and the deposition of highly toxic materials from fumaroles is the normal expectation from such events. However, the role of lichens an...

Tropical rock varnishes found on Hualalai and Mauna Kea Volcanoes, Hawai'i, vary systematically with time and environment. Radiocarbon dating of encapsulated organic matter, (K+ + Ca2+)/Ti4+ ratios, and Zn, Cu, and Ni trace element concentrations in rock varnish are consistent with lava flowages established by K-Ar and 14C dating, where samples are collected from arid microsites well away from ...

The Haskell library Lava is great for describing the structure of digital circuits: large, regular circuits can be captured by short, clear descriptions. However, structural circuit description alone – and hence Lava – has a somewhat limited application domain. Many circuits are more appropriately expressed in terms of their desired behaviour. In this article, I present a Haskell library – call...

The lava section in the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus, is chemically stratified and divided into a shallow lava sequence with low TiO2 content and a deeper lava sequence with high TiO2 content. We calculate the viscosity at magmatic temperature based on major element chemistry of lavas in Cyprus Crustal Drilling Project (CCSP) Holes CY-1 and 1A. We find that typical shallow low-Ti lavas have a magm...

The flow of lava into the ocean at the shoreline of Kilauea Volcano during the ongoing Pu’u O’o eruption has allowed a detailed study of the geochemical interaction between lava and seawater. This paper focuses on the chemistry of the major and minor elements in the fluids that resulted from this interaction. The elemental enrichments in these fluids are dominated by three processes: (1) evapor...