Intestinal mucin 2 (MUC2) encodes a heavily glycosylated, gel-forming mucin, which creates an important protective mucosal layer along the gastrointestinal tract in humans and other species. This first line of defense guards against attacks from microorganisms and is integral to the innate immune system. As a first step towards characterizing the innate immune response of MUC2 in different spec...

Avian influenza is an important disease of poultry with the potential to cause major epidemics resulting in significant economic losses. The presence of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in chickens in Iran has not been previously reported. An avian influenza outbreak in broiler, layer and breeder farms occurred during a very hot summer in July 1998. Three AIV isolates designated as 101, 102 and 10...

Background: Feeding behavior is regulated via a complex network which interacts through diverse signals from central and peripheral tissues. OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of the current study was to determine the role of central cannabinoidergic (CBergic) system on ghrelin-induced hypophagia in 3-h food deprived (FD3) neonatal chicken. METHODS: In experiment 1, chicks were ICV injected with cont...

Six- and 13-day chicken embryo retinas contain 10 and 320 fmol per mg of protein of specific binding sites for 3-[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate, a ligand of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Most of the receptors of 13-day embryo retina were found, by autoradiography, to be localized in two sharp bands within the inner synaptic layer of the retina. In the adult, the receptors were found almost e...

Using annual serologic surveillance data from all poultry farms in the Netherlands during 2007-2013, we quantified the risk for the introduction of low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) in different types of poultry production farms and putative spatial-environmental risk factors: distance from poultry farms to clay soil, waterways, and wild waterfowl areas. Outdoor-layer, turkey (mea...

This study aims to determine the level of profit and feasibility AZ Laying Chicken Farming in Talumbinga Village, Sabulakoa District, Konawe Selatan Regency.The results this indicate that Layer Business Income Analysis South Regency is profitable feasible develop.The farmer's generates a net income IDR 84,715,000 per year or 7,059.583 month B/C-Ratio 1.44.

The hierarchical architecture and complex biologic functions of native sheath make its biomimetic substitute a daunting challenge. In this study, a biomimetic bilayer sheath membrane consisting of hyaluronic acid-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) (HA/PCL) fibrous membrane as the inner layer and PCL fibrous membrane as the outer layer was fabricated by a combination of sequential and microgel electros...

Neural retina development results from growth arrest of neuroectodermal precursors and differentiation of postmitotic cells. The QRI gene is specifically expressed in Müller retinal glial cells. Its expression coincides with the stage of withdrawal from the cell cycle and establishment of differentiation and is repressed upon induction of retinal cell proliferation by the v-src gene product. In...

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, 0-200 mg/kg), thiamine dilauryl sulfate (TDS, 1,000 mg/kg), and ultrasound (37 kHz, 380 W) on reducing Salmonella Typhimurim, mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB), and coliforms on chicken skin. Chemical and physical treatments were applied for 5 min either singly or jointly, and Salmonella previously inoculated on ch...