This paper describes a modular and scalable simulation environment, called GloMoSim, to evaluate end-to-end performance of integrated wired and wireless networks. GloMoSim has been implemented on sequential and parallel computers and can be used to simulate networks with a large number of nodes. It is designed as a set of library modules, each of which simulates protocols within a specific laye...

This paper presents a new parallel transmission framework for reliable multimedia data transmission over spectrally shaped channels using multicarrier modulation. We propose to transmit source data layers of different perceptual importance in parallel, each occupying a number of subchannels. New loading algorithms are developed to efficiently allocate the available resources, e.g. transmitted p...

The title compound, C(14)H(12)Br(4), crystallizes with imposed inversion symmetry. In the crystal, the mol-ecules pack in layers parallel to (10). The layers involve two Br⋯Br and one H⋯Br contact. Between the layers, one contact each of types Br⋯Br, H⋯Br and Br⋯π is observed.

In the title compound {(C3H5N2)[Na(NO3)2]} n , the Na(I) ion is coordinated by eight O atoms from three bidentate nitrate anions and two O atoms from two monodentate nitrate anions, displaying a bicapped trigonal-prismatic geometry. The imidazolium cation is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation for all non-H atoms = 0.0018 Å). In the crystal, the Na(I) ions are connected by bridging nitrate lig...

In the title compound, C9H10N4OS, the dihedral angle between the benzene and 1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione rings is 67.51 (16)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are liked via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the c-axis direction. The chains are linked via O-H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming corrugated layers lying parallel to the bc plane. The layers are linked via N-H⋯N and N-H⋯S hydrogen bond...

Guaranteed Annuity Options (GAOs) are options available to holders of certain pension policies. Under these contracts, policyholders contribute premiums into a fund managed by the insurer. At retirement, the policyholders buy life annuities at a guaranteed rate provided by the original insurer, or annuitize with another insurer. If the guaranteed annuity rates are better than the prevailing rat...

This article assesses insurance uptake in three community-based health insurance (CBHI) schemes located in rural parts of two of India's poorest states and offered through women's self-help groups (SHGs). We examine what drives uptake, the degree of inclusive practices of the schemes and the influence of health status on enrolment. The most important finding is that a household's socio-economic...

In this paper, we study the oscillatory dynamics of intracellular signaling cascades. We derive a reaction-diffusion model of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, and use it to show how oscillations of the protein kinase concentrations can occur as a function of the depth of the cascade. We find that only cascades with depths of three or more layers undergo oscillatory instabilities. I...

This paper introduces a new architectural framework, known as input fast-forwarding, that can enhance the performance of deep networks. The main idea is to incorporate a parallel path that sends representations of input values forward to deeper network layers. This scheme is substantially different from “deep supervision,” in which the loss layer is re-introduced to earlier layers. The parallel...

In our previous paper (Eur. Phys. J. E 4, 121 (2001)) we proposed a coarse-grained elastic energy for nacre, or stratified structure of hard and soft layers found in certain seashells . We then analyzed a crack running perpendicular to the layers and suggested one possible reason for the enhanced toughness of this substance. In the present paper, we consider a crack running parallel to the laye...