Endophytic fungi have mutualistic relationship with the plant family Poaceae. These fungi confer characteristics such as yield increase and biotic and abiotic stress resistance to host plants. Endophytes are classified in the familyClavicipitaceae. The endophytes spend all their life cycle in the aerial parts of plant hosts and live intercellularly. In the present investigation, endophytic fung...

Host trees can modify their soil abiotic conditions through their leaf fall quality which in turn may influence the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community composition. We investigated this indirect interaction using a causal modelling approach. We identified ECM fungi on the roots of two coexisting oak species growing in two forests in southern Spain e Quercus suber (evergreen) and Quercus cana...

The frequency of galls induced by Anisodiplosis waltheriae Maia, a recently described species, on Waltheria indica L. was studied. W indica is an invasive weed in regeneration areas of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. Plants were collected in May 2004 and above-ground biomass, main stem length, number of leaves, number of galls per leaf and leaf area of each individual were recorded. Nea...

Although bacteria and fungi are well-known to be decomposers of leaf litter, few studies have examined their compositions and diversities during the decomposition process in tropical stream water. Xishuangbanna is a tropical region preserving one of the highest floristic diversity areas in China. In this study, leaf litter of four dominant plant species in Xishuangbanna was incubated in stream ...

garlic and onion are very important crops which are cultivated especially in autumn season in jiroft region, southeast of iran. one of the limiting factors for development of cultivation of these crops is fungal diseases such as leaf spot and blight. for identifying the causal agents of this disease, numerous onion and garlic fields were surveyed during 2001-2003 and infected samples were colle...

We evaluated the effects of cadmium and temperature on plant-litter decomposition by examining diversity and activity of aquatic fungi and leaf consumption by Limnephilus sp., a typical invertebrate shredder of Iberian streams. Freshly fallen leaves were immersed in a stream to allow microbial colonization, and were exposed in microcosms to a gradient of cadmium (≤11 levels, ≤35 mg L(-1)). Micr...

Aim. For the purpose of correct species and internal identification isolated strains bacteria that cause walnut leaf spotting, molecular biological genetic detection their ability to synthesize phytotoxin syringomycin have been carried out. Methods. It has used microbiological (PCR) methods. Results. The presence (syrD) secretion genes was established in spot pathogen typical strain Pseudomonas...

black meristematic fungi are cosmopolitan and able to adapt to extreme fluctuations of ultraviolet radiation, temperature, and moisture and grow in exposed habitats such as stone surfaces. in a survey on fungi associated with fruit rots, leaf spots, canker, gummosis, dieback and trunk diseases of grapevine and walnut trees in kurdistan province (iran), some black meristematic fungal isolates re...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of a hysteroscopic niche resection versus no treatment in women with postmenstrual spotting and a uterine caesarean scar defect. DESIGN Multicentre randomised controlled trial. SETTING Eleven hospitals collaborating in a consortium for women's health research in the Netherlands. POPULATION Women reporting postmenstrual spotting after a caesarean sect...