─One of the main pathways of post-translational regulation of the levels of specific proteins in eukaryotic cells is based on ubiquitination process in which E3 ligases such as SINAT5 transfer the ubiquitin to the target proteins. For further identification, the expression and the relative level maize SINAT5 transcript were analyzed using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-...

Various concentrations of aqueous leaf extract of Lantana camara were assessed in vitro conditions against second stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita. The standard concentration ‘S’ of leaf extract was found to be highly nematostatic, where nematodes were completely paralyzed after 12 h and after 48 h of exposure, 96% of juveniles were killed at same concentration. However, the mortal...

Grain production of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a top priority in ensuring food security for human beings. One of the approaches to increase yield is to delay leaf senescence and to extend the available time for photosynthesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of aging and cellular senescence in eukaryotes. Here, to help understand their biological role in rice leaf senescence, we report ide...

Probenazole (PBZ) is the active ingredient of Oryzemate, an agrochemical which is used for the protection of rice plants from Magnaporthe grisea (blast fungus). While PBZ was reported to function upstream of salicylic acid (SA) in Arabidopsis, little is known about the mechanism of PBZ-induced resistance in rice. The role of SA in blast fungus resistance is also unclear. The recommended applica...

The feasibility of using the bio-photonic imaging technique to assess symptoms of circular leaf spot (CLS) disease in Diospyros kaki (persimmon) leaf samples was investigated. Leaf samples were selected from persimmon plantations and were categorized into three groups: healthy leaf samples, infected leaf samples, and healthy-looking leaf samples from infected trees. Visually non-identifiable re...

Developmental scales for cereals describe apex and plant morphology separately. In order to link crucial steps of internal and external development, in three varieties of Hordeum vulgare spp. distichum L., sown in autumn and in spring, we recorded plant, leaf and apex stage, following the scales of Zadoks, Haun, and Banerjee and Wienhues, the number of primordia, culm and spike length, and the ...

The long-distance movement of cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) in tobacco plants was studied using a tissue printing technique with non-isotopic RNA probes. Time-course analysis revealed that CLRV RNA accumulated in the inoculated leaf at an early stage, such as 20 h post-inoculation. The virus accumulation reached a peak at 8-10 days post-inoculation (d.p.i.) and then progressively decreased. The...

The disease attacks the plant in an early stage of growth, infecting the young tillers at ground level (Plate 1, B). Infected plants remain small in size and are characterized by the presence of abundant dry leaves and leaf sheaths. The infected stool displays symptoms of starvation and later it may collapse completely. During the initial stage of infection, leaf sheaths on the lower part of th...

High throughput assays have been developed to measure the ice nucleation activity of transgenic tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Petit Havana SR1 plants expressing the ice nucleation gene, inaZ, from Pseudomonas syringae at a young seedling stage, as well as in leaf tissue. Both assays are carried out in 96-well microtitre plates. The first assay involves direct seeding in vitro, one seed per ...

Nitrogen is a vital element in crops, and its management is a key measure to improve their yield and quality. Real-time monitoring of crop nitrogen content is needed to optimize products and crop production. In this paper we use chlorophyll fluorescence source to obtain pepper leaf image for machine vision and digital image processing and establish a greenhouse pepper leaf nitrogen content rapi...