introduction: there are several methods for evaluating microleakage in dentistry, for example dye or bacterial leakage, electro-chemical methods, radioisotope labeling and fluid filtration. the purpose of this study was to assemble the fluid filtration system for quantitative evaluation of microleakage in dental materials. materials and methods: the roots were connected to a tube filled with an...

Among PWM power conversion topologies, the single-switch forward topology is the one that has been most widely used for decades. Its popularity has been based on many factors, including its low cost, circuit simplicity and high efficiency. However, several issues need to be addressed when using the forward converter such as the core reset, the voltage spikes caused by the transformer leakage in...

In order to improve the volumetric efficiency of axial piston pump, this paper proposes a novel stacked roller 2D pump. It utilizes alternate communication between distribution cylinder and oil intake discharge ports housing realize flow distribution. While removing independent mechanism traditional leakage loss at friction pair can be reduced efficiency. Based on principle, an analytical model...

P ower consumption is now the major technical problem facing the semiconductor industry. In comments on this problem at the 2002 International Electron Devices Meeting, Intel chairman Andrew Grove cited off-state current leakage in particular as a limiting factor in future microprocessor integration. 1 Off-state leakage is static power, current that leaks through transistors even when they are ...

Diffuse discharge along the southwest margin of the Great Artesian Basin is thought to be an important, but currently poorly understood, component of the Basin’s water budget. Remote sensing data are being investigated as a tool for mapping the salt and soil moisture variations associated with diffuse discharge zones, in order to assist in scaling up of field based discharge measurements to reg...

BACKGROUND Dengue viral infections are prevalent in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Clinical manifestations range from a self-limited fever to a potential life-threatening plasma leakage syndrome (dengue hemorrhagic fever). The objective of this study was to assess the utility of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements...

Taste buds are sensory structures made up by tightly packed, specialized epithelial cells called taste cells. Taste cells are functionally heterogeneous, and a large proportion of them fire action potentials during chemotransduction. In view of the narrow intercellular spaces within the taste bud, it is expected that the ionic composition of the extracellular fluid surrounding taste cells may b...

This paper proposes a low-noise readout circuit with noise floor of 11 fArms/sq(Hz) and bandwidth 1.3 MHz. The novel electrostatic discharge (ESD) leakage current cancellation stage allows the to detect sub-pA range input. A total trans-impedance gain 160 dB is obtained by preamplification 100 × followed transimpedance amplifier (TIA) 1 Mohm feedback resistive gain. reader designed in 0.18 ?m C...