in modern legal systems there are a variety of sources of law. judicial precedent is one of the legal sources; thus, precedents of supreme court, like enactments of parliament, are enforceable in courts. this similarity between precedents and acts impose many problems as role of supreme court in interpretation of   laws. but the most important problem is the possibility of changing previous pre...

The consensus among legal philosophers is probably that rule-based legal expert systems leave much to be desired as aids in legal decision-making. Why? What can we do about it? A bureaucrat administering some set of complex rules will ascertain the facts and apply the rules to them in order to discover their consequences for the case in hand. This process of deductive reasoning is characteristi...

capital market activists who act contrary to the principles, rules and regulations of the market have been placed in three categories: 1-disciplinary infractions, 2-dispute and claims, and 3-crimes. occurrence of each of the above derogation is inevitable and this directly affects the investment and economy activities of countries. hence, appropriate legal procedures and authorities in order to...

some legal systems such as the french system have provided some special forms for the contracts concerning the exploitation of the literary and artistic rights and also they have specified the rules and obligations concerning these contracts. the publication contract is of particular importance among other contracts. in the iranian legal system, in spite of the recognition of literary and artis...

This paper presents the extraction of a legal access control policy and a conflict resolution policy from the EU Data Protection Directive [1]. These policies are installed in a multi-policy authorization infrastructure described in [2, 3]. A Legal Policy Decision Point (PDP) is constructed with a legal access control policy to provide automated decisions based on the relevant legal provisions....

 Background: A fair and just trial, as one of the most fundamental moral demands in the legal system, can have positive consequences in the legal system. The effectiveness of the registration system in society is increasing and it is necessary to conduct appropriate surveys to meet their expectations, especially in terms of paying attention to the substantive rules of fair trial. The rules and ...