Unlike research in linguistics and artificial intelligence, legal research has not used advances in logical theory very effectively. This article uses default logic to develop a paradigm for analyzing the reasoning behind legal fact-finding. The article provides a formal model that integrates legal rules and policies with the evaluation of both expert and nonexpert evidence—whether the fact-fin...

the social situation of medieval britain prior to its conquest by william,duke of normandy, in 1066 ad was so retarded. but, soon after that it wasprovided with such a great legal institutions and culture that, even today,give rise to a great surprise as to their magnificence, causing admirations byscholars. but, it raises queries regarding the original source of those legalinstitutions, for wh...

nowadays, images of celebrities are used to advertise goods and services, and this phenomenon is growing. on the one hand, in recent years, celebrities become aware of the value of image and image rights in advertisement world. on the other hand, many agencies and owners of goods and services become aware of the important effect of popularity of celebrities as a tool to boost sales of goods. th...

nowadays, sport is known as a great business in trade activities and has brought huge revenues for athletes; sport teams and other sport personalities whereas large part of this revenue emanates from intellectual property rights particularly different kinds of trademarks. regarding fundamental principles and legal approaches of leading systems, this paper attempts to clarify the eminent role of...

In this paper we describe a legal core ontology that is part of a generic architecture for legal knowledge systems, which will enable the interchange of knowledge between existing legal knowledge systems. This Legal Knowledge Interchange Format, is under development in the Estrella project and has two main roles: 1) the translation of legal knowledge bases written in different representation fo...

Plant Genetic Resources (PGRs) are one of the most valuable natural resources of anycountry. Biotechnology through genetic engineering of plants and the creation of new plantvarieties can increase the value of these resources. Different technical and legalmechanisms such as ex situ/in situ collection of PGRs, and Intellectual Property Rights(IPRs...

Despite growing needs of the legal artificial intelligence (AI), its development is slower than other AI domains because legal expertise is essentially required to develop legal AI systems. Legal knowledge representation on legal expertise needs to be considered to implement legal reasoning AI systems. In this paper, we present a legal reasoning methodology, which utilizes multiple expert knowl...