Muscle fascicle lengths change as a function of muscle length and muscle force. The effect of these two factors may be balanced to maintain the same fascicle length at different joint angles during in vivo muscle function. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between knee flexion angles, knee extensor torques and fascicle lengths of the Vastus Lateralis muscle. We found that ...

The joint probability between two binary strings of different lengths has been demonstrated as a suitable basis for a correlation attack on the shrinking generator when the decimation probability is 0.5. As an extension of this, further computer simulations have been conducted to determine whether the joint probability can be used as a basis of similar correlation attacks on irregularly clocked...

Muscles actuate movement by generating forces. The forces generated by muscles are highly dependent on their fibre lengths, yet it is difficult to measure the lengths over which muscle fibres operate during movement. We combined experimental measurements of joint angles and muscle activation patterns during walking with a musculoskeletal model that captures the relationships between muscle fibr...

Experienced sprinters are specifically adapted to pre-planning an advanced motor program. Herein, sprinters are able to immediately accelerate their center of mass forward with a whole-body coordinated motion, following a steady state crouched position. We examined the effect of variable timing of reaction signals on multiple joint reaction times (RT) and whole-body RT for specialist sprinters....

The purpose of this study is to develop wearable sensor system for gait evaluation using gyroscopes and accelerometers for application to rehabilitation, healthcare and so on. In this paper, simultaneous measurement of joint angles of lower limbs and stride length was tested with a prototype of wearable sensor system. The system measured the joint angles using the Kalman filter. Signals from th...

Background: The valgus cut angle (VCA) of the distal femur in Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is measured preoperativelyon three-joint alignment radiographs. The anatomical axis of the femur can be described as the anatomical axis of thefull length of the femur or as the anatomical axis of the distal half of the femur, which may result in different anglesin some cases. During TKA, the anatomical ...

BACKGROUND Biomechanics studies can help improve athletic performance. However, the biomechanics of knee joint ligament length changes and moment arms over six degrees of freedom (DOF) have yet to be established. OBJECTIVE To construct a knee model to investigate the length and moment arm changes of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral lig...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Data on the physical dimension of the hand of Indian women are scanty. This information is necessary to ascertain human-machine compatibility in the design of manual systems for the bare and gloved hand, such as design and sizing of hand tools, controls, knobs and other applications in different kinds of precision and power grips. The present study was undertaken to gene...

Denavit Hartenberg (D-H) Kinematic structure representation of robot having revolute joint normally have fix arm length a, offset distance d, twist angle α and only varied joint angle θ. This paper introduce two (2) inputs variable of twist angle α and joint variable θ besides fix value of arm length a and offset distance d. Variable value of α and θ are dependent on polar electromagnetic actua...

The angular displacements necessary for 70% correct detection were determined in normal subjects at the shoulder and elbow joints and at the terminal joint of the middle finger. Angular velocities of displacement between 0.125 degrees and 160 degrees/s were tested. Each joint was tested in the mid-range of its normal excursion. The joints were carefully supported for testing and the muscles act...