Pathogenesis of M. chitwoodi associated with potato (Solanum tuberosura cv. Russet Burbank) followed a pattern characteristic of root-knot nematodes. Giant ceils developed in the phloem tissues of roots, stolons, and tubers and appeared to arise by hypertrophy and karyokinesis rather than cellular fusion. Gall formation was a function of parasite density and developed by hypertrophy of cortical...

The role of the eukaryotic release factor 1 (eRF1) in translation termination has previously been established in yeast; however, only limited characterization has been performed on any plant homologs. Here, we demonstrate that cosuppression of eRF1-1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has a profound effect on plant morphology, resulting in what we term the broomhead phenotype. These plants p...

Continuous supplementation of mineral nutrients and salicylic acid (SA) as foliar application could improve efficacy in controlling basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm seedling. It is revealed from the results that the highest disease severity index (58.3%) was recorded in T8 treatments at 9 months after inoculation. The best disease control was achieved by T7 treatments (calcium/copper/SA...

tionen des lignins bei der Sulfatkochung. II. Modellversuche zur Spaltung von Arylalkyllatherbindingungen durch Alkali. Acta Chem. Scand. 16: 1713-29. 8. HANSON, K. R. AND .M. ZUCKER. 1963. The biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid and related conjugates of the hydroxycinnamic acids. J. Biol. Chem. 238: 1105-15. 9. HIGUCHr, T. 1957. Biochemical studies of lignin formation. II. Pihysiol. Plantarum 10...

Experiments were undertaken to investigate some of the mechanisms that may function to regulate lignin biosynthesis (lignification) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Northern blot analyses revealed that several genes encoding enzymes involved in the synthesis of lignin monomers displayed significant changes in transcript abundance over a diurnal cycle. Northern blot analysis also suggested that some of ...

Lignin, a ubiquitous phenylpropanoid polymer in vascular plant cell walls, is derived primarily from oxidative couplings of monolignols (p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols). It was discovered recently that a wide range of grasses, including cereals, utilize a member of the flavonoids, tricin (39,59-dimethoxyflavone), as a natural comonomer with monolignols for cell wall lignification. Previously, we es...

Peroxidases have been shown to be involved in the polymerization of lignin precursors, but it remains unclear whether laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) participate in constitutive lignification. We addressed this issue by studying laccase T-DNA insertion mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified two genes, LAC4 and LAC17, which are strongly expressed in stems. LAC17 was mainly expressed in the interf...

Soybean (Glycine max L.) cells cultured in B5 medium produce extremely low amounts of lignin. However, modification in the growth medium, by lowering the concentration of NO(-) (3) and PO(2-) (4), results in the lignification of these cells without affecting levels of cell wall-esterified 4-coumaric and ferulic acid. The production of an extracellular, macromolecular complex by the cultured soy...