A visit to Ghana, with the hosts interested in developing leaders and the guest interested in developing countries, led to a questioning of both. Three approaches to development are discussed. The top-down government planning approach, discredited with the fall of communism, has been replaced by an outside-in ‘globalisation’ approach, which is now promoted as the way to develop an economy. But ...

Purpose. To determine the key principles of environmental security aquatic ecosystems in context sustainable use natural resources and socio-economic development. Methodology. Comparative analysis systematic approach. Findings. Principal aspects water management states world are analyzed provisions development concept. Comparison countries with different levels has allowed identifying methodolo...

Rheumatic Heart disease (RHD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality especially among 5-15-year-old children in developing countries like India. Globally, 15.6 million people suffer from RHD each year, and in India 600,000 children of less than 15 years suffer from this disease. Although incidence of RHD has come down with improvement in living conditions, but sporadic emergence ...

Three hundred random sputum samples were collected for analysis from cases of mild to severe respiratory infections and screened for Legionella pneumophila by both the culture method and also the direct fluorescent antigen test. In one third of the cases, blood specimen was also collected and screened for Legionella serum antibodies. With the direct fluorescent test it was possible to identify ...

this paper using endogenous growth models based on research and development, has investigated two economic relations in three groups of countries included developed countries, developing countries and a mixed group of both mentioned ones. at first, the effects of r&d; activities on patent growth have examined and then the relation between volume of patent and growth rate in these groups has sur...

in less developed or developing countries like iran, the developing plans, due to the governance of non-scientific approaches in the feasibility study phase, provoke destroying environment, nonsustainably development and ruining the land use planning of districts. countless experiences show that usually the solutions to solve the problems do not function properly as these unpleased consequences...

the increasing number of aging people around the world, especially in developing countries, and its economic, social, and health consequences demonstrate the necessity of studies focusing on the elderly. the results of the studies can provide ways for solving the existing and future problems that are associated with the aging population. although research studies on elderly are conducted in ira...

Using comparable data sets for five African countries we estimate, and evaluate possible explanations for, the employer size wage effect across these. Our results indicate, just as has been generally found for other developing and developed nations, that apart from observable worker characteristics most potential theories cannot explain very much of the wage premium received in larger firms. Mo...

In the initial models of economic growth, economic factors entered in to models but in the following models, non-economic factors entered in to models. Many broad studies were done on this subject by the economists, and already considerable results were obtained. Subjects such as corruption in the administrative bodies were new variables entering the literature of economic growth at that stage....