I begin by sketching two views about how it is that I manage to communicate what I do by uttering (1) in an ordinary context. The first of these two views is what I call restrictionism. According to restrictionism, the explanation of how I communicate what I do is straightforward: I utter a sentence, with assertive intent, which has a truth-valuedetermining content that is precisely what I inte...

The phonological vowel and consonant length distinctions in languages such as Hungarian may provide a constraint on the degree to which prosodic structure can influence speech segment duration. Here we show that, like many other languages, Hungarian does mark prosodic structure with durational variation, in particular, utterance-final lengthening. There is an influence of phonological vowel len...

Abstract In this paper, we show that Icelandic uses the phonetic parameters of speaking rate, duration and voice quality (VQ) to distinguish between information-seeking questions (ISQs) rhetorical (RQs). Specifically, durations are longer (speaking rate is slower) nonmodal VQs used more in RQs than ISQs. Our findings for temporal fit with previous studies on prosody various languages. With resp...

We investigated the effects of word order and prosody on word learning in school-age children. Third graders viewed photographs belonging to one of three semantic categories while hearing four-word nonsense utterances containing a target word. In the control condition, all words had the same pitch and, across trials, the position of the target word was varied systematically within each utteranc...

The Cooperative Principle proposed by Grice is one of the most important pragmatic principles. An analysis from perspective cooperative principle conducted on selected humorous utterance American TV Series Friends. four maxims provide a relatively reasonable explanation towards mechanism behind utterance. aim to bring readers more profound understanding and appreciation nature humor.

A novel analysis of the syntax of utterance particles in Chinese is proposed in this paper. In terms of their diachronic origin, there are two types of utterance particles in Chinese, namely predicative utterance particles and non-predicative utterance particles, both of which are derived by a generalized syntactic schema. It is proposed that utterance particles are the complement of a function...

Hidden Markov Model is a popular statisical method that is used in continious and discrete speech recognition. The probability density function of observation vectors in each state is estimated with discrete density or continious density modeling. The performance (in correct word recognition rate) of continious density is higher than discrete density HMM, but its computation complexity is very ...

The EKNTOOL implementation developed in the Fra-CaS project uses the situation theoretic notion of restriction to account for background information provided by the context and also information about the utterance conceived of as an event (a kind of situation). It also uses role labels associated with abstracts to link various parts of the utterance with roles in the interpretation. In this cha...

The interpretation of linguistic utterances is determined by the words involved and the way they are combined, but not exclusively so. Establishing the content that is communicated by an utterance is inextricably intertwined with the communicative context where the utterance is made, including the expectations of the interlocutors about each other. Clark and Marshall (1981) make a good case tha...

Can preschoolers make pragmatic inferences based on the intonation of an utterance? Previous work has found that young children appear to ignore intonational meanings and come to understand contrastive intonation contours only after age six. We show that four-year-olds succeed in interpreting an English utterance, such as "It LOOKS like a zebra", to derive a conversational implicature, namely [...