PURPOSE There are neural connections between the upper and lower limbs of humans that enable muscle activation in one limb pair (upper or lower) to modulate muscle activation in the other limb pair (lower or upper, respectively). The aims of this study were to extend previous findings regarding submaximal exercise to maximal effort exercise and determine whether there is an ipsilateral or contr...

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY To determine the incidence of support limb laminitis among horses treated with half limb, full limb or transfixation pin casts and determine potential risk factors. METHODS Medical records of 113 horses treated with half limb, full limb or transfixation pin casts at an equine referral hospital from 2000 to 2009 were reviewed. Associations between potential risk fa...

rupture of the peroneous tertius was diagnosed in a 7-year-old stallion, based on clinical examinations.the stifle joint flexed as the limb was advanced forward without flexing the hock. when the limb was pulledbackward, the hock joint extended but the stifle was in the normal position. the recommended treatmentincluded complete stall rest for 6 weeks followed by limited exercise for 2 months. ...

In this prospective descriptive study, all patients with acute lower limb ischemia who presented to Shohada Tajrish Hospital (STH) between July 200 1 and July 2003 were analyzed and followed for 6 months. The total population of 109 patients, with no significant difference in sexual distribution had a mean age of 64± 16 years. 23% had AF and 31 % had a history of MI, 'but in the ECG of 30%,...

Implantable limb lengthening using noninvasively adjusted telescopic nails dates back to 1983. The newest technology is the Precice (Ellipse Technologies). A retrospective study of the first 65 Precice nails was carried out for the treatment of limb length discrepancy (unilateral) and short stature (bilateral). Successful lengthening was achieved in all patients. There were numerous distraction...

background: phantom limb pain (plp) is approximately a common condition after limb amputation, which potentially affects the quality of life. we aimed to evaluate anxiety and depression in patients with amputated limbs suffering from plp and to compare these psychological dysfunctions with that of patients with non‑phantom chronic pain. methods: a total number of 16 male amputees with plp and 2...

in almost all of the present mathematical models, the upstream subbasins, with overland flow as the dominant type of flow, are simulated as a rectangular plane. however, the converging plane is the closest shape to an actual upstream subbasin. the intricate nature of the governing equations of the overland flow on a converging plane is the cause of prolonged absence of an analytical or semi ana...

background: in this feasibility study, a mechanically loaded in-vitro tissue culture model of joint morphogenesis using the isolated lower extremity of the 8 day old chick embryo was developed to assess the effects of mechanical loading on joint morphogenesis. methods: the developed in-vitro system allows controlled flexion and extension of the chick embryonic knee with a range of motion of 20 ...