Sincere thanks go to the Development Fund of the Swedish Construction Industry (SBUF) and to the Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket), whose financial support made this work possible. I would also like to thank my supervisor, Stefan Larsson, who has supported this work with his knowledge and never-ending enthusiasm. Further acknowledgments are directed to my colleagues at the Divisio...

In this paper, a methodology is put forward that takes advantage of the emerging focus on structural damage in earthquake engineering. Contrary to the traditional focus on collapse limit-states in reliability analysis, a versatile “unified” limit-state formulation is employed. The methodology underscores the advantages of formulating explicit probabilistic models for the ground motion, structur...

Introduction Designing a structure like a portal frame of an industrial low-rise building is an iterative optimisation process. In today's design practice, the designing engineer takes from codes or standards the design values for the external loads, for instance the wind load distribution and the appropriate value of the wind velocity pressure. Depending on the climate at the building site, a ...