A potentially fruitful area for applied linguistic research is the nature of the linguistic systems used by second language learners as they learn--or even after they appear to have stopped learning. It has been suggested at various times that the findings of this sort of research would be useful not only to language teachers and textbook writers, but also to our understanding of language conta...

There are many situations in which problems deal with vague and imprecise information. In such cases, the information could be modelled by means of numbers, however, it doesn’t seem logical to model imprecise information in a precise way. Therefore, the use of linguistic modelling have been used with successful results in these problems. The use of linguistic information involves the need of ca...

Music is a form of expression. Since machines have limited capabilities in this sense, our main goal is to model musical composition process, to allow machines to express themselves musically. Our model is based on a linguistic approach. It describes music as a language composed of sequences of symbols that form melodies, with lexical symbols being sounds and silences with their duration in tim...

This paper will have a holistic view at the field of corpus-based linguistic typology and present an overview of current advances at Leipzig University. Our goal is to use automatically created text data for a large variety of languages for quantitative typological investigations. In our approaches we utilize text corpora created for several hundred languages for crosslanguage quantitative stud...

We present an entirely new approach for the representation of intensifying and weakening linguistic hedges in fuzzy set theory, which is primarily based on a crisp ordering relation associated with the term that is modified, as well as on a fuzzy quantifier. With this technique we can generate membership functions for both atomic and modified linguistic terms. We prove that our model respects s...

Motivated by intuitionistic fuzzy sets and fzzy linguistic approach, this article proposes the concept of linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (LIFNs) where membership and and nonmembership are represented as linguistic terms. In order to process the multiple attribute decision making (MADM) with LIFNs, we introduce the linguistic score index and linguistic accuracy index of the LIFN. Simult...

Sometimes, an individual may have vague information about the preference degree between two alternatives and can not estimate his preferences with an exact numerical value. Then, a possible approach is to use linguistic assessments instead of numerical values, that is, to suppose that the preference relations are assessed by means of linguistic terms. A scale of certainty expressions, linguisti...

the mystical anthropological notion of internationalism means belonging to a common divine origin and natural interfaces between humans, beyond national and linguistic differences. accordingly, it is necessary to consider a metaphysical hometown as origin and ultimate goal for human being. in rumi’s mystical approach, human is defined as an observer of his relationship with the origin of being ...