Contemporary ecosystems commonly support multiple non-native species, which can alter community structure and directly or indirectly interact with one another. Novel interactions between invasive species result in the facilitation suppression of both invaders, making it important to understand underlying mechanisms that affect invasion outcomes. Goldfish Carassius auratus Chinese mystery snails...

The ability of antibiotics to inhibit acetylcholinesterase was measured in homogenates of goldfish brain. Puromycin aminonucleoside was the most potent inhibitor followed by puromycin, cycloheximide and acetoxycycloheximide. Puromycin effectively impaired retention of active-avoidance learning in goldfish when injected either immediately before or after training, while puromycin aminonucleoside...

The ability of lower vertebrates to regenerate an injured optic nerve has been widely studied as a model for understanding neural development and plasticity. We have recently shown that, in goldfish, the optic nerve contains two molecules that stimulate retinal ganglion cells to regenerate their axons in culture: a low-molecular-weight factor that is active even at low concentrations (axogenesi...

Mammals exposed to loud aerial sounds exhibit temporary threshold shifts (TTS) that are linearly related to increases of sound pressure above baseline hearing levels. It was unknown if this relationship held true for aquatic ectotherms such as fishes. To test this linear threshold shift hypothesis (LINTS) in fishes, we examined the effects of increased ambient sound on hearing of two species di...

Vestibular compensation is the process whereby vestibular system function is restored following unilateral removal of the vestibular receptors (hemilabyrinthectomy). Vestibular compensation was studied in the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of the goldfish. Spontaneous VOR (spontaneous nystagmus) was not observed in the goldfish following recovery from the surgery for hemilabyrinthecto...

The glutathione S-transferases are important enzymes in the microcystin-induced detoxication processes. In this experiment, we cloned the full-length cDNA of alpha, pi and theta-class-like glutathione S-transferase genes from goldfish (Carassius auratus L). Their derived amino acid sequences were clustered with other vertebrate alpha, pi and theta-class GSTs in a phylogenetic tree and the goldf...

Previous work from our laboratory had shown that goldfish retinal fragments explanted onto a polylysine substratum 1 to 2 weeks following optic nerve crush exhibit a striking clockwise pattern of neuritic outgrowth. In the present study, however, when the basal lamina component laminin was used as a substratum, neurites grew out as uncurved spokes, were less fasciculated, and had an increased r...

The distribution of potassium conductance across the surface of retinal glial (Müller) cells was determined in three species of fishes: two teleosts, the goldfish (Carassius auratus) and the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), and an elasmobranch, the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). Potassium conductance was measured by monitoring cell depolarizations evoked by focal ejections of a 15 mEq/L K+ s...

To determine whether fishes respond to menthol, Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes, goldfish Carassius auratus, and zebrafish Danio rerio were exposed to various types of menthol receptors agonists and the behavioral responses to these drugs were observed. Waterbone application of dl-menthol (0.5 mM) induced surgical anesthesia in 100% of medaka, 90% of goldfish, and 100% of zebrafish. The percent...