For obtaining good joints by soldering, a wettability of liquid metal on the solid metal surface, relatlatte, relattlated o solderability, is one of the most important factors, and the wettability is accelerated by using a suitable flux and atmosphere. In atmosphere soldering the flow of molten solder will be retarded by oxide films on base metals formed by a small amount of oxygen in atmospher...

Well-dispersed palladium (0) nanoparticles stabilized with phosphonium based ionic liquid were synthesized conveniently and fully characterized. A catalyst system comprising of the Pd(0) nanoparticles and a base was found to be recyclable and efficient for the aminocarbonylation reaction of aryl iodide in ionic liquid media. In the presence of potassium tert-butyloxide, for the relatively stabl...

Ionic liquids (ILs) are expected to have specific properties as solvents for chemical reactions in view of solution chemistry. Among physicochemical properties, liquid structure, acid–base, and electron-pair donating and accepting abilities of solvent play a crucial role in ion-solvation and acid–base, metal-ion complexation, and electrochemical reactions. Various types of ILs have been develop...

The structure of liquid Ge15Te85, Ge25Te75 and Ge33Te67 alloys has been studied by neutronand X-ray diffraction. Datasets obtained by the two techniques have been modelled simultaneously with the reverse Monte Carlo simulation method. As a result, the first coordination numbers and nearest neighbour distances for the studied alloys were estimated. On the base of the experimental data, Ge-Ge bon...

By immersing a conventional glass axicon in index-matching liquid, we generated high quality, tunable, quasi non-diffracting Bessel beams. The aberrations resulting from the roundness of the axicon tip are minimized when a large base angle is used in liquidimmersion. This configuration also allows coarse and fine tunability through changing the liquid and adjusting the temperature, respectively...

To prepare tissues for analysis of NAD(+), NADH, NADP(+), and NADPH, common practice is to freeze samples in liquid nitrogen, often followed by freeze-drying, before extraction in HCl or NaOH. With cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cotyledons, prefreezing in liquid nitrogen or slower freezing to -20 degrees C yielded substantially lower values for NADH and NADPH than obtained from samples homogeniz...

Archetypal O-acetylation reactions of alcohols and carbohydrates proceed rapidly in high yield under mild conditions in a dicyanamide based ionic liquid, that is not only an effective solvent but also an active base catalyst.

Pyridinium salts similar to those used as ionic liquid solvents readily undergo palladation in the presence of a base, thus giving palladium-pyridylidene N-heterocyclic carbene complexes that are active catalysts for Suzuki-type cross-coupling reactions.

By the addition of glycerol (10%, v/v), viability titers of serotype pomona vaccine were maintained within 1 to 2 logs (base 10) during controlled-rate freezing and storage in liquid nitrogen.