Phytotoxic material has been isolated from liquid cultures of Ceratocystis ulmi. One component of the material has been obtained in pure form and has proved to be a rather thermostable glycoprotein. This compound induced disease symptoms, similar to those produced by the fungus itself, in elm sprouits and trees.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium capable of forming biofilms on surfaces as a survival strategy. It exhibits a large variety of competition/virulence factors, such as three types of motilities: flagellum-mediated swimming, flagellum-mediated swarming, and type IV pilus-mediated twitching. A strategy frequently used by bacteria to survive changing environmental cond...

Cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was effected in a conical glass culture vessel surrounded by a constant-temperature water jacket, and with facilities for stirring, aeration, and pH measurement and control. With the use of an aerated peptone-based medium, containing polypropylene glycol to prevent foam build-up, the yields obtained over the pH range from 5.8 to 7.4 were determined. The grea...

The fungus Aspergillus niger forms (sub)millimeter microcolonies within a liquid shaken culture. Here, we show that such microcolonies are heterogeneous with respect to size and gene expression. Microcolonies of strains expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the promoter of the glucoamlyase gene glaA or the ferulic acid esterase gene faeA were sorted on the basis of diameter and fluore...

Research on the extracellular hemeprotein ligninases of Phanerochaete chrysosporium has been hampered by the necessity to produce them in stationary culture. This investigation examined the effects of detergents on development of ligninase activity in agitated submerged cultures. Results show that addition of Tween 80, Tween 20, or 3-[(3-colamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]1-propanesulfonate to the ...

the aim of the present investigation was to biotransform the anti-inflammatory compound meloxicam by enzymes present in whole cells of five actinomycete cultures to produce novel bioactive derivatives. among the actinomycetes screened, streptomyces griseus ncim 2622 was found to possess the enzyme system(s) that oxidize meloxicam into two metabolites whereas that present in s. griseus ncim 2623...

Many ligninolytic fungi appear to lack lignin peroxidase (LiP), the enzyme generally thought to cleave the major, recalcitrant, nonphenolic structures in lignin. At least one such fungus, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, is nevertheless able to degrade these nonphenolic structures. Experiments showed that wood block cultures and defined liquid medium cultures of C. subvermispora rapidly depolymeriz...