We show that a drop of liquid a few hundred microns in diameter placed under a solid, elastic, thin film (∼10 μm thick) causes it to bulge by tens of microns. The deformed shape is governed by equilibrium of tensions exerted by the various interfaces and the solid film, a form of Neumann's triangle. Unlike Young's equation, which specifies the contact angles at the junction of two fluids and a ...

By using the depth selective imaging method, we studied the UV induced change in a photomobile liquid crystalline polymer film. With 1 μm depth resolution, each slice inside the film was selectively observed. A network-like structure mixed with the ordered and disordered regions of molecules in the middle of the film, and a rubbed polymer layer at the bottom of the film were observed. In each s...

This study examines the transient thermal response of a vertical electrically-heated wall during sensible heating of a turbulent wavy film. It is shown how the wall temperature can be decomposed into two components. The first is steady and accounts for the stream-wise increase in the wall and film temperatures, and the second is periodic and corresponds to temperature fluctuations due to the fi...

We study the time evolution of a thin liquid film coating the outer surface of a sphere in the presence of gravity, surface tension and thermal gradients. We derive the fourth-order nonlinear partial differential equation that models the thin film dynamics, including Marangoni terms arising from the dependence of surface tension on temperature. We consider two different imposed temperature dist...

Gas film mass transfer coefficients (kGat , kGaw) and liquid film mass transfer coefficients (kLaw) for packing materials used in biofilters and biotrickling filters for air pollution control were determined experimentally. Lava rock, polyurethane foam cube (PUF), Pall ring, porous ceramic beads, porous ceramic Raschig rings and compost–woodchips mixtures were investigated. The experiments were...

A bistable liquid crystal display based on the bend and splay configurations has been demonstrated. This display can remain indefinitely either in the splay deformation or in the bend deformation mode. It has the advantages of wide viewing angles, good contrast ratios, faster selection and low operating voltages.

Pulmonary surfactant facilitates breathing by forming a surface tension reducing film at the air-liquid interface of the alveoli. The objective was to characterize the structure of surfactant films using endogenous rat surfactant. Solid-support surfactant films, at different surface pressures, were obtained using a Langmuir balance and were analyzed using atomic force microscopy. The results sh...

The purpose of this work is to investigate the entropy generation in a laminar, gravity-driven conducting liquid film with fully developed velocity flowing along an incline heated plate in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. The upper surface of the liquid film is considered free and adiabatic. The effect of heat generation by viscous dissipation is included in the analysis. The influe...

We demonstrate a controllable viewing angle liquid crystal display (LCD) using an inserted blue-phase liquid crystal (BPLC) cell. The BPLC layer functions as a tunable positive C-film or a negative C-film, depending on whether the employed LC has a positive or negative dielectric anisotropy. Therefore, the viewing angle of the LCD panel can be controlled continuously by the applied voltage of t...

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