of two native German speakers, we hope that we have arrived at a satisfactory resolution. Mangelerscheinung was the trickiest element. Literally, it translates as “deficiency symptom,” a medico-biological concept denoting the lack of some nutrient critical to physical well-being (e.g., a vitamin deficiency). Although the literal translation has a “clunky” feel, we decided to restrain poetic lic...

Kim, Marcus, Pinker, Hollander & Coppola (1994) argue that the preference children and adults show for regular inflection for verbs and nouns with novel meanings (e.g. The batter flew/flied out to centre field) should be attributed to their grammatically based sensitivity to the derivations of these verbs and nouns. However, it could also be that speakers avoid the use of irregular forms to avo...

Ludwik Zamenhof (1859-1917), born in Poland, invented and propagated Esperanto - an artificial, easy-to-learn language. Literally meaning "language of hope," Esperanto was constructed to avoid misunderstandings, establish communication and facilitate harmony among different nationalities. Simply, he wanted people to accept one another despite observed differences. He was a skilled ophthalmologi...

BACKGROUND A serious complication of heparin treatment, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is rarely observed in pregnant women. Drug therapy during pregnancy should always be chosen to minimize fetal risk. The management of HIT in pregnancy represents a medical challenge. Unlike heparins, the anticoagulants used in patients with HIT do cross the placenta, with unknown fetal effects. CASE...

Analogy is a powerful boundary-transcending process that exploits a conceptual system's ability to perform controlled generalization in one domain and re-specialization into another. The result of this semantic leap is the transference of meaning from one concept to another from which metaphor derives its name (literally: to carry over). Such generalization and re-specialization can be achieved...

This can of course be solved using algebra. The rst treatise on algebra was written by Diophantus of Alexandria in the 3rd century AD. The term derives from the Arabic al-jabr or literally \the reunion of broken parts." As well as its mathematical meaning, the word also means the surgical treatment of fractures. It gained widespread use through the title of a book ilm al-jabr wa'l-mukabala|the ...

The ability to self-right, meaning return to a preferred orientation for mobility, has been identified as a critical robotic capability by soldiers and law enforcement officials [1]. In nature, self-righting can literally mean the difference between life and death. As such, we endeavor to develop a general framework whereby any given robot can autonomously generate a self-righting path whenever...

As game developers strive to introduce a stronger sense of emotion into their games, new opportunities are presented to the level designer to imbue their virtual spaces with deeper symbols and meaning. Since the very beginning of film, the exploration of the concept of miseen-scéne (literally “put in the scene”) has allowed filmmakers to convey sub-text to the viewer by the careful consideratio...

Las Meninas is a virtual reality VR artwork based on the painting of the same name by Spanish painter Diego Velazquez Created for the CAVE tm Las Meni nas attempts to establish a language of art in virtual reality by placing VR in the realm of storytelling storytelling that is not simply formalistic and decorative but also psychological The viewer confronts a narrative cryptogram which can be d...