Changes in substrate utilization and reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity following exposure to energy-dense, high-fat diets (HFD) are putatively key components in the development of obesity-related metabolic disease. We examined the effect of a 3-day HFD on isolated liver mitochondrial respiration and whole body energy utilization in obesity-prone (OP) rats. We also examined if hepatic o...

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has become a leading cause of severe liver disease and withdrawal of an approved drug from the market. DILI accounts for acute liver failure, liver transplantation or death in the United States today. A recent retrospective study indicates that the risk of DILI is enhanced when the administered daily dosage is higher than 50 mg or when the drug undergoes signifi...

The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in human serum has been widely determined as a diagnostic aid in liver disease. In this study, the effect of aluminium on AST isoenzymes in relation to aluminium intoxified patients has been investigated. Using gel filtration chromatography technique with Sephacryl S-300, mitochondrial aminotransferase (m-AST) and cytosolic aminotransferase (c-AS...

Objective(s): Recognized as a distinguished environmental and global toxicant, Bisphenol A (BPA) affects the liver, which is a vital body organ, by the induction of oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of quercetin against BPA in hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats and also, the activity of mitochondrial enzymes were evaluated...

INTRODUCTION Sepsis may impair mitochondrial utilization of oxygen. Since hepatic dysfunction is a hallmark of sepsis, we hypothesized that the liver is more susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction than the peripheral tissues, such as the skeletal muscle. We studied the effect of prolonged endotoxin infusion on liver, muscle and kidney mitochondrial respiration and on hepatosplanchnic oxygen t...

In 1954 Christie and Judah (3) in a study of the mechanism of action of carbon tetrachloride advanced the view that the primary locus of action of this hepatotoxin was the membranes of the liver mitochondria. Dianzani (4-6) showed that after carbon tetrachloride or phosphorus poisoning or after a choline deficient diet, there was evidence for uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, loss of mit...

The mechanism of mitochondrial turnover and its relationship to the process of mitochondrial biogenesis is still uncertain. Fletcher and Sanadi (1961) reported that several protein components and lipids of rat liver mitochondria had an identical turnover rate. This suggested to these workers that liver mitochondria were labile and were broken down as an entity. Subsequent studies of Beattie, Ba...

Approximately one-third of the U.S. population has nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition closely associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of liver injury. Dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism is central in these disorders, but the manner and degree of dysregulation are disputed. This study tested whether humans with NAFLD have abnormal in vivo hepatic mitochondrial...

The liver, the largest organ with multiple synthesis and secretion functions in mammals, consists of hepatocytes and Kupffer, stem, endothelial, stellate and other parenchymal cells. Because of early and extensive contact with the external environment, hepatic ischaemia reperfusion (IR) may result in mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy and apoptosis of cells and tissues under various pathologi...

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of long-term treatment with alpha-naphthyl-isothiocyanate (ANIT) on liver histology and at the mitochondrial bioenergetic level. Since, ANIT has been used as a cholestatic agent and it has been pointed out that an impairment of mitochondrial function is a cause of hepatocyte dysfunction leading to cholestatic liver injury, serum markers of liver i...