porally correlated with the processes of chromosome segregation and nuclear envelope reformation. Our live image analysis with the multicolor cell line clearly indicated that survivin diffused into cytosol coincident with the chromosome segregation (435 min) and reappeared in the midzone during the nuclear envelope reformation (441–444 min). The separate images of ECFP-histone and EGFP-survivin...

tion in the nucleus. At I O T , a slow NC equilization of fluorescence but no nuclear accumulation was observed. Phycoerythrin is an intensely fluorescing macromolecule of 240 kDa. We observed that it did not permeate the nuclear envelope after injection into the cytoplasm or nucleus of HTC polykaryons. However, if NP was covalently attached to phycoerythrin the NP-phycoerythrin conjugate perme...

In this paper, we give a fundamental convexity preserving for spectral functions. Indeed, we investigate infimal convolution, Moreau envelope and proximal average for convex spectral functions, and show that this properties are inherited from the properties of its corresponding convex function. This results have many applications in Applied Mathematics such as semi-definite programmings and eng...

Vegetative nuclei of fungi Ceratocystis fagacearum and Fusarium oxysporum were studied both in the living condition with phase-contrast microscopy and after fixation and staining by HCl-Giemsa, aceto-orcein, and acid fuchsin techniques. Nucleoli, chromosomes, centrioles, spindles, and nuclear envelopes were seen in living hyphae of both fungi. The entire division process occurred within an inta...

Although the nuclear envelope is known primarily for its role as a boundary between the nucleus and cytoplasm in eukaryotes, it plays a vital and dynamic role in many cellular processes. Studies of nuclear structure have revealed tissue-specific changes in nuclear envelope architecture, suggesting that its three-dimensional structure contributes to its functionality. Despite the importance of t...

Ubiquitylation keeps the nucleus moving H ayakawa et al. reveal that many components of the yeast nuclear pore complex (NPC) are ubiquitylated and describe how this modifi cation helps segregate the nucleus during mitosis. NPCs and their constituent nucleoporin proteins control several cellular processes, including molecular transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm. These functions can be re...

In most eukaryotic cells, the nucleus is the largest organelle and is typically 2 to 10 times stiffer than the surrounding cytoskeleton; consequently, the physical properties of the nucleus contribute significantly to the overall biomechanical behavior of cells under physiological and pathological conditions. For example, in migrating neutrophils and invading cancer cells, nuclear stiffness can...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide public health problem. In Nepal, the prevalence of HBV is found to be low (0.9%), although high prevalence (≥8%) of HBV infection is depicted among subgroup/population in the mountain region by various studies. This study assessed the prevalence and the risk of HBV infection among mothers, as well as among the youngest child under 5 ye...

T he defi ning feature of every eukary-otic cell is the nuclear envelope— the double membrane separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Passage between these two compartments is controlled by the nuclear pore complexes that span the inner and outer nuclear membranes. But the last decade has seen a growing appreciation that the nuclear envelope and its pores do more than just control nucleocyto...