This paper discusses the optimal design of Variable Structure Controller (VSC) applied to the Load Frequency Control (LFC) problem. The controller was designed by an optimal method that utilizes Tabu Search (TS) algorithm. The proposed method has been applied to a single nonreheat area model that includes nonlinearities in the form of Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) and governor deadband backl...

This paper describes an application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to Load Frequency Control (LFC) of nonlinear power systems. Power systems, such as other industrial processes, have parametric uncertainties that for controller design had to take the uncertainties in to account. For this reason, in the design of LFC controller the idea of robust control theories are being used. To improve ...

This paper presents the design and performance analysis of teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm based PID controller for load frequency control (LFC) of an interconnected power system. A two area reheat thermal system equipped with PID controllers which is widely used in literature is considered for the design and analysis purpose. The design objective is to improve the transie...

In this paper, a reduced-order state observer with a practical point of view for load frequency control (LFC) problem in a deregulated power system is proposed. In the practical environment, there is limited access to all state variables of system and measuring all of them is usually impossible. So when the available sensors are less than the number of states or when it may be undesirable, expe...

This paper presents an extensive study on the application of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm for load frequency control (LFC) in multi-area power system with multiple interconnected generators. The LFC model incorporates various possible physical constraints and non-linearities such as generation rate constraint, time delay, dead zone and boiler. The ABC algorithm is used to find the opti...

A fractional order PID (FOPID) control technique for automatic generation (AGC) in a multi-area power system is presented this study. To create reliable controller, variety of strategies were used. The load frequency (LFC) problem implementing different transactions, such as bilateral and Poolco are investigated here. Because any scheme’s performance only good its parameters, the parameters des...

In this paper, optimal tuning of the PID controller for solution of the Load frequency Control (LFC) problem in the restructured power system is proposed using Honey Bee Mating Optimization (HBMO) technique. The problem of robustly tuning of PID based LFC design is formulated as an optimization problem according to the time domain-based objective function which is solved by the HBMO technique t...

Load frequency control (LFC) is a crucial feature of electric power systems to maintain balance between supply and load demand, thus avoiding deviation the grid frequency. The present work aims implement an effective LFC scheme for microgrid system consisting diesel generator (DEG), wind turbine (WTG) battery storage system. Proportional-integral-double-derivative (PIDD) controllers are used pr...

The Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is the most adopted controllers for industrial plants, due to its simplicity and satisfactory performances for a wide range of processes. It should be noted that the accurate and efficient tuning of parameters such controllers is very important. On the other hand, industrial plants, such as power systems, usually have some features, such as ...

Load frequency control (LFC) is well known for balancing the load demand and a multi-area power system. Studies have proven that LFC can improve global performance of systems. In recent years, increasing proportion renewable energy, integration EVs, cyber-attacks become main challenges in Different strategies been applied literature systems possible impacts cyber-attacks. This survey paper devo...