Korean has a three-way laryngeal contrast in oral stops. This paper reports perception patterns of plosives of Japanese, French, English and Chinese by Korean speakers. In Korean loanwords, laryngeal contrasts of Japanese, French, and English plosives show distinct patterns. To test whether perception explains the loanword patterns, we selected languages with different acoustic properties and c...

The linguistic-prosodic processing applied to text-to-speech synthesis in Italian is described. It proceeds in 5 steps: tokenisation and normalisation of abbreviations, numbers, etc.; part-of-speech tagging, based on function words, terminations and contextual heuristics; shallow parsing, based on a chunk grammar; grapheme-to-phoneme conversion, lexical stress assignment and syllabification by ...

This study investigates the phonological adaptation of diphthongs within English loanwords in Iraqi Arabic (IA). In contrast to earlier small-scale descriptive studies, this used quantitative content analysis analyse 346 established collected through document review and direct observation determine diphthong patterns involved nativisation by native speakers IA. C ontent results revealed that mo...

The purpose of this study is to discuss the common phonetically altered English loanwords used by Urdu speakers. A set three hundred words was analyzed for phonological alterations. areas technology, automobile registration, entertainment, and politics contained most high-frequency loanwords. Through study, it found that native tongue significantly impacts how are pronounced. Most frequently, t...

Generative accounts of loanword phonology typically focus on the role of an individual speaker's grammar and/or perceptual biases in generating the phonological adaptations seen in loanwords. While these types of generative models can be successfully used to explain static synchronic patterns in loanword adaptations in terms of the set of existing constraints in the native phonology, it is more...

Japanese words are either accented (HL tonal melody: H | a m L | e ‘rain’ ) or unaccented (H tonal melody: a m H | e ‘candy’). Whereas the locus of accent (i.e. mora that bears H tone before a L tone, represented henceforth by acute accent) is lexically determined in native and Sino-Japanese nouns (e.g. híru ‘leech’; hirú ‘noon’), in loanwords it is predictable enough to suggest a grammatical e...

I will refer to the fact that the alveolar fricative occurring in intervocalic position is always [z] with the descriptive label of “intervocalic voicing”, and I will adopt the symbol /S/ to refer to the alveolar fricative “archiphoneme”, not specified for [±voice]. As I showed in Baroni 1997, intervocalic /S/ voicing is an extremely productive phenomenon of contemporary Northern Italian (for e...

This paper describes our retrieval system for the NTCIR-3 CLIR task, focusing on Japanese and English. We integrate query and document translation methods to improve retrieval accuracy, and perform clustering to improve browsing efficiency. In query translation, to derive possible translations for user queries, we use dictionaries and perform a transliteration method, which generates translatio...

This paper argues that automatic phonetic comparison will only return true results if the languages in question have similar and comparably lenient phonologies. In the situation where their phonologies are incompatible and / or restrictive, linguistic knowledge of both of them is necessary to obtain results matching human perception. Whilst the case is mainly exemplified by Levenshtein distance...