INTRODUCTION Some clinical trials revealed a correlation between increased serum estrogen and nasal symptoms or inflammatory changes in nasal mucosa. Estrogen receptors tend to be controlled by a negative feedback, to avoid a deleterious stimulus over several body functions while in hyperestrogenic periods. This study proposes a hypothesis where mechanisms regulating expression of estradiol rec...

Androgens influence prostate growth and development, so androgen withdrawal can control progression of prostate diseases. Although estrogen treatment was originally used to induce androgen withdrawal, more recently direct estrogen effects on the prostate have been recognized, but the nature of androgen-estrogen interactions within the prostate remain poorly understood. To characterize androgen ...

BACKGROUND Breast carcinoma rarely metastasizes to the neck, and its management in this area is controversial. There is little published data about whether hormone receptor status changes between primary breast tumors and neck metastasis and whether this influences management. METHODS We evaluated the demographics and treatment of 13 patients presenting with neck metastasis. We used immunoche...

introduction: acute skin wound healing is a complicated process comprising various phases. recent animal studies have shown that steroid sex hormones such as estrogen maybe helpful in the regulation of several pathophysiologic stages that are involved in wound healing. in this study we examined the effects of topical estrogen in the treatment of traumatic facial wounds.   materials and methods:...

background: diazinon is a widely used organophosphate insecticide which is applied against plant pests. this compound has various side effects because it acts as an acetyl cholinesterase enzyme inhibitor. objective: the aim of present study was to investigate the effects of diazinon on pituitary–gonad axis and ovarian histological changes in rats. materials and methods: in total 50 female wista...

Here, we report the case of a 63-year-old female patient who presented with emptying symptoms and was subsequently diagnosed with delayed labial agglutination. The adhered labia minora were divided by blunt dissection, and a topical estrogen ointment was applied after surgery. The patient's voiding symptoms were completely resolved and no recurrence of labial agglutination was noted 3 months af...

7 Introduction 9 Where do the estrogens come from? 9 a. Systemic synthesis of estrogens 9 b. Local synthesis of estrogens in the brain 10 By which cellular mechanisms do estrogens exert their effects? 11 a. Estrogen receptors 11 b. Alternative mechanisms of action 13 Where are the estrogen receptors located? 14 What physiological effects do estrogens have in the brain? 15 The nociceptive system...