Most existing phenomenological heat conduction models are expressed by temperature and heat flux distributions, whose definitions might be debatable in heat conductions with strong non-equilibrium. The constitutive relations of Fourier and hyperbolic heat conductions are here rewritten by the entropy and entropy flux distributions in the frameworks of classical irreversible thermodynamics (CIT)...

Developing next generation transient heat exchangers is a transformative technology for efficient ther-mal management of advanced power electronics and electric machines (APEEM) inside hybrid electric,electric, and fuel cell vehicles as well as renewable energies (wind, solar, tidal). Optimal design criteriafor such dynamic heat exchangers should be achieved through addressing inter...

Derived values of the thickness of the effective elastic lithosphere on Mars are converted to estimates of lithospheric thermal gradients and surface heat flow by finding the thickness of the elastic-plastic plate having the same bending moment and curvature, subject o assumed strain rates and temperature-dependent flow laws for crustal and mantle matedhal. Local thermal gradients and heat flow...

A method to obtain the local heat transfer coefficients of carbon dioxide at supercritical pressures in vertical multi-port mini-channels and in a vertical small tube under cooling conditions was presented through the combination of experiments and numerical simulation in this paper. The CFD code FLUENT 6.1 was used to simulate the convection heat transfer of cooling water to determine the loca...

In this paper, a modified two-fluid model has been adopted to simulate the process of upward vertical subcooled flow boiling of refrigerant R-113 in a vertical annular channel at low pressure. The modified model considers temperature dependent properties and saturation temperature variation and was validated against a number of published low-pressure subcooled boiling experiments. The results s...

Laser forming is a modern process which is mainly used for forming metals. Different Lasers are used in this regard that includes Nd: YAG and CO2. In this study, forming bi-layer sheets of Aluminum/Ceramic by Laser was investigated. Furthermore, effect of Uniform and Gaussian heat flux distribution in different power, velocity, and beam diameters on bending angle was studied. FEM simulation ind...