1. Procaine (p-aminobenzoyl-diethylaminoethanol; synonym: novocaine), is a water-soluble local anaesthetic. Procaine is an amino ester. It is used in cattle, sheep, goats and horses for minor surgical procedures particularly dehorning by subcutaneous injection, and for local and regional anaesthesia by infiltration or nerve block. The common therapeutic doses ranged from 25 to 250 mg per animal...

Background: Total knee replacement (TKR) is a commonly performed surgical procedure, all across the world. TKR may be associated with severe postoperative pain, usually requiring prolonged hospital stay and relative immobilization of patient, cause unwanted medical problems like nosocomial infections, DVT poor outcome. Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) becoming more used owing to excellent pai...

Background: Morphine and lidocaine are known to influence the perception of pain. The present study sought to determine the influence of local administration of morphine on lidocaine-induced analgesia in morphine non-dependent (MND), morphine dependent (MD) and morphine withdrawal (MW) animals. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control, MND, MD and MW rats. Lidocai...

Physical and psychosocial functioning following motor vehicle trauma The relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and trauma cognitions Infections and treatment of wounds in survivors of the 2004 Tsunami in Thailand Field hospital analgesia The evolution of pain management in the critically ill trauma patient What is the ideal pre-hospital analgesic? Continuous infusion of local...

background pain following laparoscopy could be due to different causes requiring effective postoperative analgesia. objectives in the present study, we evaluated the combined effect of intraperitoneal infiltration of bupivacaine-meperidine versus intravenous infusion of paracetamol on pain relief after diagnostic gynecologic laparoscopy. conclusions intraperitoneal infiltration of bupivacaine w...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Adequate analgesia after sternotomy reduces postoperative adverse events. There are various methods of treating pain after heart surgery, such as infiltration with a local anesthetic, nerve block, opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alpha-adrenergic agents, intrathecal and epidural techniques, and multimodal analgesia. CONTENT A review of the epidemiology,...