[1] We use four-year time series of precipitable water (PW) and zenith neutral delay (ZND) derived from a GPS network in Hawaii to show that the statistical distributions of these quantities are closely approximated by the lognormal distribution. The long term average and median values of precipitable water decline exponentially with height, or very nearly so. The arithmetic standard deviation ...

Among individual cells of the same source and type, the complex shear modulus G(∗) exhibits a large log-normal distribution that is the result of spatial, temporal, and intrinsic variations. Such large distributions complicate the statistical evaluation of pharmacological treatments and the comparison of different cell states. However, little is known about the characteristic features of cell-t...

Atmospheric lead concentrations were measured randomly, approximately once per week, at five traffic sites in northern Taiwan from September 1994 to May 1995. Three types of theoretical distributions, lognormal, Weibull and gamma were selected to fit the frequency distribution of the measured lead concentration. Four goodness-of-fit criteria were used to judge which theoretical distribution is ...

The setting of alarm levels plays a vital role in a machinery condition monitoring and diagnostic system. Two approaches to set vibration alarm levels using vibration signals produced by shipboard fire pumps are presented for the time and frequency domains. In the time domain, cross peak analysis (CPA) is proposed to extract the dominate peak points. The distribution of these cross peak points ...

An eigenvector approach to paired companions Yujin Shen 1987 A fractional design in paired comparisons is developed based on the eigenvector of the comparison matrices. Mathematical proof of this fractional design is given in Theorems 1 and 2 of Chapter 2. A concrete example from the wealth of nations is chosen to compare the results of the fractional design with the results of the complete des...

BACKGROUND In general, the individual patient-level data (IPD) collected in clinical trials are not available to independent researchers to conduct economic evaluations; researchers only have access to published survival curves and summary statistics. Thus, methods that use published survival curves and summary statistics to reproduce statistics for economic evaluations are essential. Four meth...

The transcriptional machinery in individual cells is controlled by a relatively small number of molecules, which may result in stochastic behavior in gene activity. Because of technical limitations in current collection and recording methods, most gene expression measurements are carried out on populations of cells and therefore reflect average mRNA levels. The variability of the transcript lev...

We study in this work the processing of NaNbO3 ceramics prepared in a single thermal treatment of highly reactive precursors obtained by mechanical activation of different reagents, aiming to determine optimum conditions for piezoelectric ceramics production. Pressure-less sintering at 1200oC leads to dense ceramics (<5% porosity) with poor mechanical stability, unsuitable for practical uses. D...

The normal-Laplace (NL) distribution results from convolving independent normally distributed and Laplace distributed components. It is the distribution of the stopped state of a Brownian motion with normally distributed starting value if the stopping hazard rate is constant. Properties of the NL distribution discussed in the article include its shape and tail behaviour (fatter than the normal)...

The quest for evolutionary mechanisms providing separation between the coding (exons) and noncoding (introns) parts of genomic DNA remains an important focus of genetics. This work combines an analysis of the most recent achievements of genomics and fundamental concepts of random processes to provide a novel point of view on genome evolution. Exon sizes in sequenced genomes show a lognormal dis...