This paper reviews materials and structural approaches that have been developed to reduce the excess noise in avalanche photodiodes increase gain-bandwidth product.

A 1.8 GHz low-noise amplifier has been designed and fabricated in a standard 0.35 pm CMOS process. Measurement results indicate that the amplifier has a forward gain (S21) of 10.5 dB and a noise figure of 3.94 dB, while consuming 40 mW from a 2.5 V supply.

This paper evaluates the amount of noise reduction when using different pavement materials in two adjacent lanes, where close-proximity (CPX) method is introduced to analyze tire/road before and after maintenance. We consider four types materials, including ECA-10, PUC-10, PAC-13, double-layer porous asphalt (PAC-13+PUC-10), these their combinations are paved on lanes. measure with CPX a two-wh...