purpose: to measure the upper eyelid crease landmarks in an iranian population sample. methods: we studied 208 iranian subjects aged 30 to 50 years. upper eyelid crease height was measured in lateral, medial and central positions using calipers. levator function (lf) was also evaluated after exclusion of frontalis muscle function. results: mean age was 39.1±5.9 years and female to male ratio wa...

The efficacy of scleral grafts for eyelid lengthening in patients with thyroid related upper and/or lower lid retraction was evaluated in 62 consecutive patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy who underwent lid surgery in the last 3.5 years. Seventy-eight upper and 30 lower lids were lengthened by scleral interposition. A good or acceptable result was achieved in 50% of all operated upper lids aft...

BACKGROUND/AIM Surgical extraction of lower third molars is followed by mild or severe postoperative pain which peaks at maximal intensity in the first 12 hours and has a significant impact on a patient's postoperative quality of life. The use of long-acting local anaesthetics is a promising strategy to improve postoperative analgesia. The aim of the present study was to investigate analgesic p...

Trachomatous Entropion with Trichiasis The procedure presented by Stallard (1958) as "tarsal paring and eversion" has, in my experience, been most satisfactory and I believe that it is the best technique to be adopted in any area of the world where the incidence of trachomatous entropion is still high. In the course of 559 operations of "tarsal paring and eversion" which I have performed in Add...

Aim: Aging affects the appearance of the eyelids and the surrounding malar region. Blepharoplasty improves the aesthetic appearance of this region, and multiple variants of the procedure have been reported. We here report our technique for modified lower lid blepharoplasty and cheek lift for patients with hypoplastic malar regions, which was introduced after observing prominent lower orbital ri...

This article presents the author's personal approach to the lower lid and midface. The approach is based on a systematic process of determining which combination of surgical procedures can optimally address the patient's concerns and correct the anatomic findings. In most faces, there is an opportunity for both suspension and tightening of ptotic structures and also provision for volumetric fil...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Epiblepharon is a congenital lid anomaly in which a fold of skin and underlying orbicularis muscle push the lashes against the eyeball. It is important to get a good lash eversion effect without forming a prominent lid crease in Asian patients. The surgical effect of this rotating suture technique was evaluated. METHODS Surgical correction for epiblepharon was performed on 197...

BACKGROUND It is unclear whether patients with different clinical subtypes of Parkinson disease (PD) differ in their risk of developing levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) and whether resting tremor is negatively correlated with this risk. OBJECTIVES To determine whether resting tremor as an initial manifestation of PD negatively correlated with subsequent occurrence and severity of LID and to ...

BACKGROUND The impact of macroeconomic conditions on health has been extensively explored, as well as the relationship between individual unemployment and health. There are, however, few studies taking both aspects into account and even fewer studies looking at the relationship in a life course perspective. In this study the aim was to assess the role of macroeconomic conditions, such as nation...