A retrospective study of major lower limb amputations carried out in the Orthopaedic Department of the General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, during the period 1972-79, revealed that diabetes mellitus was the cause in 43 percent of all lower amputations, followed by tumours and trauma. Post-amputation complications due to wound sepsis and wound breakdown were highest in diabetic patients, because of p...

Severe trauma to the lower limbs, with major skin loss and the compromise of vital struc­ tures, is often difficult to treat. A combination of several factors such as ability and effort made to distinguish lesion severity – that is, to differentiate recoverable traumas from those that will inevitably progress to amputation – plays an important role. Therefore, indices were developed to facilita...

To develop a standard growth curve of the lower extremity in Korean children from 3 to 16 yr of age, the lengths from a total of 2087 normal long bone segments (582 femurs and 645 tibias in boys, and 417 femurs and 443 tibias in girls) were measured. Children were grouped by years of bone age, which was determined by using the Korean specific bone age standard; TW2-20 method. The growth spurt o...

Introduction The 2006 definition of cerebral palsy (CP) has been widely accepted and is recommended as the most useful operational definition of CP (Rosenbaum et al. 2007). This definition includes the term ‘secondary musculoskeletal problems’ as part of the spectrum of features seen in CP. This recognizes the impact of musculoskeletal pathologies on functioning for persons with CP. The focus o...

There are numerous causes that can affect the functioning of the human locomotor system, leading to the appearance of joint disorders in the lower limb and generating atypical gait patterns. The importance of research and development in assistance technologies to compensate pathological gait have been recognised since the beginning of the twentieth century and numerous challenges still lie ahea...

The advances in regional techniques for blocks of the lower limb have been driven primarily by the need to produce effective analgesia in the postoperative period and beyond. These techniques are commonly performed before or after central neuraxial blockade when this technique is used to provide anaesthesia and analgesia for the surgical procedure. Increasingly, modern practice demands a shorte...

Contrary to popular belief, little fluid is reabsorbed by the capillary and most of it is returned to the circulation via the lymphatic. Lymph drainage begins in thin-walled, superficial initial lymphatics with wide (14 nm) oblique intercellular junctions that function as flap valves. They freely allow passage of fluid and protein into the lymphatic but prevent back flow. The initial lymphatics...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to identify graft osteoporosis post transplantation by micro-CT analysis, and the growth potential of growth plates in the transplanted limb. METHODS Ten juvenile to juvenile and five juvenile to adult hind limb transplants were performed in male syngeneic Lewis rats. Upper tibial bone density in isochronograft and heterochronograft limbs was measure...

A diversity of animals that run on solid, level, flat, non-slip surfaces appear to bounce on their legs; elastic elements in the limbs can store and return energy during each step. The mechanics and energetics of running in natural terrain, particularly on surfaces that can yield and flow under stress, is less understood. The zebra-tailed lizard (Callisaurus draconoides), a small desert general...