BACKGROUND To evaluate the outcome of breast cancer patients after locoregional recurrence (LRR) according to tumor biological features evaluated at first diagnosis and at the time of recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS We collected information on all consecutive breast cancer patients operated at the European Institute of Oncology between 1994 and 2005. The tumor characteristics and subsequent ...

Plant genomes contain large numbers of cell surface leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and intracellular nucleotide binding (NB)-LRR immune receptors encoded by resistance (R) genes that recognize specific pathogen effectors and trigger resistance responses. The unregulated expression of NB-LRR genes can trigger autoimmunity in the absence of pathogen infection and inhibit plant growth. Despite the pote...

AIM To review evidence on the short-term clinical outcomes of laparoscopic (LRR) vs open rectal resection (ORR) for rectal cancer. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using Cochrane Central Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, OpenGrey and ClinicalTrials.gov register for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing LRR vs ORR for rectal cancer and reporting short-term clinical o...

The potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis invades roots of host plants where it transforms cells near the vascular cylinder into a permanent feeding site. The host cell modifications are most likely induced by a complex mixture of proteins in the stylet secretions of the nematodes. Resistance to nematodes conferred by nucleotide-binding-leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins usually resul...

Eucalyptus grandis is a commercially important hardwood species and is known to be susceptible to a number of pests and pathogens. Determining mechanisms of defense is therefore a research priority. The published genome for E. grandis has aided the identification of one important class of resistance (R) genes that incorporate nucleotide binding sites and leucine-rich repeat domains (NBS-LRR). U...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and other small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) play an important regulatory role in the growth and development of eukaryotes. miRNAs in plants are known to regulate the expressionof a number of key developmental and stress-related genes. New insight into miRNA function was gained recently with the discovery that several miRNA families target genes encoding nucleotide binding site–...

We used a comparative genomics approach to investigate the evolution of a complex nucleotide-binding (NB)-leucine-rich repeat (LRR) gene cluster found in soybean (Glycine max) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) that is associated with several disease resistance (R) genes of known function, including Rpg1b (for Resistance to Pseudomonas glycinea1b), an R gene effective against specific races o...

BACKGROUND To investigate the risk factors and prognosis for locoregional recurrence (LRR) after breast conserving treatment (BCT) in women with early breast cancer. METHODS Women who had undergone BCT from 1998 to 2005 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. LRR was defined as the reappearance of invasive carcinoma in the treated breast and/or ipsilateral axillary lymp...

The potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis invades roots of host plants where it transforms cells near the vascular cylinder into a permanent feeding site. The host cell modifications are most likely induced by a complex mixture of proteins in the stylet secretions of the nematodes. Resistance to nematodes conferred by nucleotide-binding-leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins usually resul...

Low rank representation (LRR) has recently attracted great interest due to its pleasing efficacy in exploring low-dimensional subspace structures embedded in data. One of its successful applications is subspace clustering, by which data are clustered according to the subspaces they belong to. In this paper, at a higher level, we intend to cluster subspaces into classes of subspaces. This is nat...