Background: Many chronic diseases and illnesses are associated with one or more chronic infections, dysfunction of mitochondria and reduced production of ATP. This results in fatigue and other symptoms that occur in most if not all chronic conditions and diseases. Methods: This is a review of the published literature on chronic infections in neurodegenerative diseases and fatiguing illnesses th...

Rare variant association studies are at a critical inflexion point with the increasing availability of exome-sequencing data. A popular test of association is the sequence kernel association test (SKAT). Weights are embedded within SKAT to reflect the hypothesized contribution of the variants to the trait variance. Correct weighting is expected to boost power, and yet the correct weights are ge...

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is associated with a number of common pulmonary diseases including chronic airflow limitation and bronchial carcinoma. Lower respiratory tract (LRT) nitric oxide (NO) concentrations are reduced in habitual cigarette smokers between cigarettes, and although this finding has been implicated in the pathogenesis of smoking related disease, the underlying mechanisms are ...

A comparison and validation study of Laser Ray Tracing (LRT) and Hartmann-Shack wave-front-sensor (to be referred to as H-S) methods was carried out on both artificial and human eyes. The aim of this work was double. First, we wanted to verify experimentally the equivalence of single- and double-pass measurements for both H-S and LRT. This interest is due to the impossibility of making single-p...

Each human carries a large number of deleterious mutations. Together, these mutations make a significant contribution to human disease. Identification of deleterious mutations within individual genome sequences could substantially impact an individual's health through personalized prevention and treatment of disease. Yet, distinguishing deleterious mutations from the massive number of nonfuncti...

OBJECTIVES This work provides a reference for future papers originating from this study by providing basic results on body mass, urine volume, and hemodynamic changes to 5 days of bed rest (BR) and by describing acute cardio-respiratory/mechanographic responses to a short versatile upright exercise battery. METHODS Ten male subjects (mean ± SEM age: 29.4 ± 1.5 years; height: 178.8 ± 1.5 cm; b...

The long-range transport (LRT) of organic chemicals in the environment is reviewed, with particular focus on the role of environmental fate and transport models and the relationship between model results and field data. Results from generic multimedia box models, spatially resolved multimedia box models, and atmospheric transport models are highlighted, including conceptual investigations of co...

Lipid replacement therapy (LRT) has been used along with other strategies, such as antioxidant therapy, to replace damaged or oxidized cellular lipids that accumulate during aging and in various clinical conditions. Differing from traditional lipid nutritional supplementation, LTR replacement lipids are protected from oxidation and damage during storage, ingestion and digestion. Important lipid...

Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) represents 5.3% of in situ specimens, and is thought to carry a low risk for developing to the invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC). There is still no standard care approach for patients with LCIS. We aimed to define the impacts of surgical and radiation intervention on survival outcomes of LCIS. LCIS cases from 2004 to 2013 of the recent Surveillance, Epidemiol...

We initiated a large-scale bidirectional selection experiment in a genetically heterogeneous rat population (N/NIH stock, n = 152) to develop lines of low response trainers (LRT) and high response trainers (HRT) as a contrasting animal model system. Maximal treadmill running distance [meters (m)] was tested before (DIST(1)) and after (DIST(2)) standardized aerobic treadmill training over an 8 w...