The expressiveness of the C/C++ preprocessing facility enables the development of highly configurable source code. However, the usage of language constructs like macros also bears the potential of resulting in highly incomprehensible and unmaintainable code, which is due to the flexibility and the “cryptic” nature of the preprocessor language. This could be overcome if suitable analysis tools w...

A review of wireless sensor network methods used for environmental monitoring of micro climates in vineyards is presented. The telemetry architecture used consists of a wireless grid of sensor arrays to log data in realtime and transmit it from nine locations in six countries to a database server located in New Zealand. Analysis of the data includes climate plotting against trends and macro env...

BACKGROUND The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) depends upon Mass Drug Administration (MDA) to interrupt transmission. Therefore, delimitation of transmission risk areas is an important step, and hence we attempted to define a geo-environmental risk model (GERM) for determining the areas of potential transmission of lymphatic filariasis. METHODS A range of geo-enviro...

The authors reviewed the evidential basis of three environmental approaches to reducing population obesity: What are the effects of (a) taxing or subsidizing foods, (b) manipulating the ease of food access, and (c) restricting access to certain foods? A narrative review evaluated evidence using National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria. There was strong evidence that subsidization infl...

The presentation gives an overview of present major changes in the environmental strategies and external premises for industrial environmental performance. Such changes are discussed in the lights of increasing waste and resource problems, the shift from environmental control to avoidance technologies, long-term perspectives and systems thinking, and the understanding of fundamental thermodynam...

background this article looks at the long-term, structural determinants of environmental and public health performance in the world system.   methods in multiple standard ordinary least squares (ols) regression models, we tested the effects of 26 standard predictor variables, including the ‘four freedoms’ of goods, capital, labour and services, on the following indicators of sustainable develop...

This article presents a method, which enables an autonomous mobile robot to create an internal representation of the external world. The elements of this internal representation are the dynamical features of a neuro-controller and their time regime during the interaction of the robot with its environment. As an examples of this method the behavior of a Khepera robot is studied, which is control...

Permanently-social spiders share a common suite of traits, including cooperative foraging and brood care, elimination of pre-mating dispersal, and the transition to an inbreeding mating system. Social spiders are confined to tropic and subtropical habitats, suggesting environmental constraints on the evolution of group living in spiders. Because, social spider groups are sedentary and dependent...

Temperature is a key factor that affects the rates of growth and development in animals, which ultimately determine body size. Although not universal, a widely documented and poorly understood pattern is the inverse relationship between the temperature at which an ectothermic animal is reared and its body size (temperature size rule [TSR]). The proximate and ultimate mechanisms for the TSR rema...

This article is one of three synthesis reports resulting from an integrated assessment (IA) of artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Ghana. Given the complexities that involve multiple drivers and diverse disciplines influencing ASGM, an IA framework was used to analyze economic, social, health, and environmental data and to co-develop evidence-based responses in collaboration with pe...