Major pancreatic injury following blunt abdominal trauma by itself is a relatively rare occurrence, and in vast majority of cases (95%) it is associated with injury to adjacent major vessels and organs; thus making isolated major pancreatic injury even rarer. While most pancreatic injuries are managed by simple measures like debridement and drainage, complex proximal injury poses surgical chall...

BACKGROUND Major duct injury is the principal determinant of outcome for patients with pancreatic trauma, and there are a number of therapeutic choices available specific to the location of the insult. We report a series of blunt major pancreatic injury cases, with a review of the different procedures used and a discussion of the results. METHODS A total of 48 cases of blunt major pancreatic ...

BACKGROUND Bacterial translocation (BT) plays a major role in the pathophysiological process of spontaneous infections in portal hypertension (PH) and cholestatic jaundice. The major mechanisms promoting BT in experimental animal models are the disruption of the intestinal ecological equilibrium and disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The enzymes xanthine dehydrogenase (XD) and xanthi...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Basically, patients with cancer of the major duodenal papilla should undergo pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy; however, patients with adenoma or cancer in adenoma do not require prophylactic lymph node dissection, so they are indicated for limited resection of the major duodenal papilla. Endoscopic snare resection (ESR) has developed as limited resection of the major duo...

No studies have explored the risk factors for paraurethral duct dilatation following paraurethral duct infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in men undergoing ceftriaxone therapy. The present study was performed to explore the risk factors for paraurethral duct dilatation following paraurethral duct infection by N. gonorrhoeae in men undergoing ceftriaxone therapy and thus guide clinical intervent...

BACKGROUND Studies have shown that the absence of bile in the gut lumen, either by bile duct ligation or bile diversion, induces mucosal injury. However, the mechanism remains elusive. In this study, the role of bile pigments in gut barrier function was investigated in a rat model of bile duct ligation. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used in this study. After ligation of bile duct...

Obstruction is a common problem of major salivary glands, and the most common cause is salivary calculi. The most frequent locations of sialolithiasis are submandibular gland and its duct; the vast majority of them are found in Wharton’s duct. Wharton’s duct stones are frequently single, and multiplicity is uncommon. Only about 5% of cases have more than two calculi. Based on the location and s...

Pancreatic duct stones are a common complication during the natural course of chronic pancreatitis and often contribute to additional pain and pancreatitis. Abdominal pain, one of the major symptoms of chronic pancreatitis, is believed to be caused in part by obstruction of the pancreatic duct system (by stones or strictures) resulting in increasing intraductal pressure and parenchymal ischemia...

Pancreatic ascites is a rare complication and should be suspected in patients with chronic alcoholism and pancreatitis presenting with ascites. The etiology is likely from a pancreatic pseudocyst leakage or due to ductal disruption. Treatment is controversial but includes conservative medical therapy or endoscopic transpapillary pancreatic duct stenting or surgery. We present a case of pancreat...

Management of traumatic pancreatic pseudocyst associated with pancreatic duct laceration is controversial. Surgical therapy has been clasically considered the treatment of choice for those pseudocysts. However, several authors have published good results with percutaneous drainage. Percutaneous drainage can be performed easily, with minimal complication and may facilitate the resolution of a ps...