Most of the existing machine translations are based on word-for-word translation. The major obstacle in developing such a system is natural language is not free from ambiguity problems. One word may have more than one semantic, and vice versa. Herein, we propose a semantic-based Malay-English translation using an n-gram model. The Malay-English translation is not a word-for-word basis but is de...

The speech synthesis approach required in restricted domain speech application is a synthesizer that has high quality like the speech output of ‘slot-filler’ approach but have at least the least flexibility of the ‘genuine’ speech synthesizer. Thus, in this research study, we propose an alternative approach of creating a speech synthesizer to be used in a restricted domain speech application. I...

STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to analyse differences in mortality from the main cardiovascular diseases (ischaemic heart disease, hypertensive disease, and cerebrovascular disease) among Chinese, Malays, and Indians in Singapore. DESIGN The study was a survey using national death registration data in Singapore for the five years 1980 to 1984. The underlying cause of death, coded ac...