Biological characteristics of nodule-like alveolar lesions (NLAL) induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in organ culture of whole mammary gland (BALB/c female mice) were assessed after transplantation into gland-free mammary fat pads of syngeneic virgin mice. (i) Tissue-fragment explants from NLAL areas of the gland produced abnormal lobuloalveolar (LA) outgrowths in 3 of 10 fat pads...

Oncolytic virotherapy is a new strategy for cancer treatment for humans and dogs. Reovirus has been proven to be a potent oncolytic virus in human medicine. Our laboratory has previously reported that canine mast cell tumor and canine lymphoma were susceptible to reovirus. In this study, canine solid tumor cell lines (mammary gland tumor, osteosarcoma and malignant melanoma) were tested to dete...

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is essential for vertebrate organogenesis, including mammary gland development. The mechanism whereby FGF signaling is regulated in the mammary gland, however, has remained unknown. Using a combination of mouse genetics and 3D ex vivo models, we tested the hypothesis that Spry2 gene, which encodes an inhibitor of signaling via receptor tyrosine kinases (...

BACKGROUND Insulin like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) are secreted peptides that play major roles in regulating the normal development and maturation of mammary gland. While Igfbp7 has been shown to decrease breast tumor growth, its role in regulating the normal mammary gland development has not been studied. To this end, we generated Igfbp7-null mice and examined th...

The identification of mammary gland regions is a necessary processing step during the anatomical structure recognition of human body and can be expected to provide useful information for breast tumor diagnosis. This paper proposes a fully automated scheme for segmenting the mammary gland regions in non-contrast torso CT images. This scheme calculates the probability of each voxel belonging to t...

Transforming acidic coiled coil 1 (TACC1) is a putative oncogene located within a breast cancer amplicon found on human chromosome 8p11. Although TACC1 has been reported to transform fibroblasts, it is also down-regulated in a subset of mammary tumors treated with anthracyclin. Here, we show that ectopic TACC1 overexpression can cooperate with Ras to induce focus formation in murine fibroblast ...

Chronic social isolation is linked to increased mammary tumor growth in rodent models of breast cancer. In the C3(1)/SV40 T-antigen FVB/N (TAg) mouse model of "triple-negative" breast cancer, the heightened stress response elicited by social isolation has been associated with increased expression of metabolic genes in the mammary gland before invasive tumors develop (i.e., during the in situ ca...

In utero exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) increases mammary cancer susceptibility in offspring. High-fat diet is widely believed to be a risk factor of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to determine whether maternal exposure to BPA in addition to high-butterfat (HBF) intake during pregnancy further influences carcinogen-induced mammary cancer risk in offspring, and its dose-response c...

Objective- The aim of this study was to determine the normal ultrasonographic and morphologic appearance of mammary gland and teat in Caspian mares during lactation and dry period. Design- Experimental study. Animals- Seven mature Caspian mares Procedures- Using a 6.5-8.5 MHz linear transducer the ultrasonographic appearance of lactating and dry mammary glands was determined in 7 mature Casp...

The epithelium of the mammary gland exists in a highly dynamic state, undergoing dramatic morphogenetic changes during puberty, pregnancy, lactation, and regression. The recent identification of stem and progenitor populations in mouse and human mammary tissue has provided evidence that the mammary epithelium is organized in a hierarchical manner. Characterization of these normal epithelial sub...