Employee motivation is an intricate and sophisticated subject; however, contemporary managers must face and deal with this topic to obtain organizational success. To enhance understanding of employee motivation, mangers must recognize the imperativeness of employee motivation, its concepts, and differences in individual needs. Subsequently, managers need to be aware of a variety of employee mot...

Trust is expected to reduce transaction costs and agency costs and thus influence the cost of credit for small businesses. Assessments of trustworthiness are based on the ability, benevolence and integrity of the owner manager. The study examines whether lending managers’ assessments of the trustworthiness of SME owner managers are associated with the interest rate charged. Data were obtained f...

Trust is expected to reduce transaction costs and agency costs and thus influence the cost of credit for small businesses. Assessments of trustworthiness are based on the ability, benevolence and integrity of the owner manager. The study examines whether lending managers’ assessments of the trustworthiness of SME owner managers are associated with the interest rate charged. Data were obtained f...

CONTEXT The Multipurpose Service (MPS) model has been in existence in rural and remote Australia for more than 20 years yet there is little guidance about developing an appropriate staffing structure. ISSUES Managers of these facilities face issues related to isolation, safety, funding models and the need to provide a variety of services with limited resources and staffing. Because MPS are de...

Mutual fund is one of the investment instruments widely used as an option. There are two essential things to be considered by Investment Manager a mutual manager: stock selection and market timing ability. The Covid-19 pandemic has caused many investors experience potential losses. Understanding will needed for determining which Managers perform well in managing equity fund, especially while de...

Although trait leadership theory has been widely criticized by scholars over the past century (Stogdill, 1948; Mann, 1959) employers always want to know what kind of abilities and psychological traits distinguish their future employees. The trait approach plays an important part in human resource management practices for selecting, developing and planning the career paths of managers (Armstrong...

The literature on incentive contracting suggests that the optimal performance pay contract depends on a tradeoff between productivity and agency costs. The effect of employee ability on this tradeoff is theoretically ambiguous, as the employee’s private gains (through more sophisticated gaming responses) may exceed the employer’s productive benefits. Similarly, employees’ “adverse learning” abo...

This paper examines supervisors’ use of performance measures to update initial beliefs about employee ability over time. Using archival performance and job assignment data, we examine the weighting for promotion decisions of assessments made before employees begin working, and objective performance data collected over time. We find strong evidence that employers’ initial assessments about emplo...

BACKGROUND Case management is widely promoted as a means of ensuring continuity of care, improving patient outcomes, and achieving efficient management of resources. Community matrons have been introduced recently as specialists in the case management of patients with multiple complex problems. AIM To understand how nurse case managers are seen by GPs and NHS managers. SETTING (1) Telephone...

BACKGROUND The rate of ageing can differ considerably between individuals. This might result in major differences between calendar age (CA) and biological age (BA). AIMS To identify work- and health-related predictors of the discrepancy between CA and BA. METHODS The sample analysed in this study consisted of 371 subjects of different occupational groups (teachers, office workers, nursery s...