We introduce a unified approach for testing variety of rather general null hypotheses that can be formulated in terms covariance matrices. These include as special cases, example, equal variances, traces, or elements the matrix taking certain values. The proposed method only requires very few assumptions and thus promises to broad practical use. Different test statistics are defined, their asym...

The main goal of this paper is to study residuals in a special case the extended growth curve model, called GMANOVA–MANOVA model. With help an example, emphasis put on model formulation, interpretation and that vanish, with discussion about reasons behind fact consequence it.

Background The student costs of residency interviewing are of increasing concern but limited current information is available. Updated, more detailed information would assist students and residency programs in decisions about residency selection. The study objective was to measure the expenses and time spent in residency interviewing by the 2016 graduating class of the University of Kansas Scho...

A number of multivariate effect-size measures for MANOVA contexts have been proposed in the statistics literature. These measures however overestimate the strength of relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. A procedure by Tatsuoka (1973) and a procedure by Serlin (1982) have been suggested to adjust for the bias. The purposes of proposed study are to investigate the sa...

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) affects the dentoalveolar and nasolabial facial regions. Internal and external nasal dysmorphology may persist in individuals born with CLP despite surgical interventions. 7-18 year old individuals born with unilateral and bilateral CLP (n = 50) were retrospectively assessed using cone beam computed tomography. Anterior, middle, and posterior nasal airway volumes were...

This paper presents a comparative study on the relationship between implementing total quality management (TQM) and organisational characteristics (size, type of industry, type of ownership, and degree of innovation) in a newly industrialised country in South East Asia. Vietnam has become the 150th member of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) since January 2007, and this is the first empirical ...

Grammosciadium pterocarpum subsp. bilgilii and Grammosciadium pterocarpum subsp. sivasicum from Turkey are herein described as two new subspecies, and the species Grammosciadium schischkinii is synonymied under Grammosciadium pterocarpum subsp. pterocarpum. Quantitative variation of morphological and anatomical characters have been analysed to provide discriminative characters between the taxa ...

Jame's rule proposes a direct relationship between body size and altitude. There are several studies about this rule; however, few studies analyze proportional changes in body parts along gradients. The morphological variation of Agelaia pallipes (Olivier) in five sites along an altitudinal gradient (2600-3380 m) in the Santuario de Iguaque, Colombia, were studied in order to test whether or no...

Purpose We used fractal dimensional analysis to analyze retinal vascular disease burden in eyes with diabetic retinopathy using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods A retrospective study was performed of 13 eyes with diabetic retinopathy without diabetic macular edema and 56 control eyes. Optical coherence tomography angiography images were acquired using t...

Better understanding of Escherichia coli population dynamics and genetic variability in the secondary habitat is essential to improve fecal contamination monitoring and contamination pathway characterization. In this study, water samples were collected monthly over a one-year period at eight locations in the Catoma Creek watershed, a mixed land-use watershed in Central Alabama. E. coli concentr...