The Mawgridge’s case in 1707 set the precedent where adultery was recognised as a justified trigger for husband’s killing of his wife’s lover; this crystallised partial defence provocation. However, an 1810 case, unfaithful wife followed manslaughter conviction rather than murder first time. This study aims to investigate shaping legally permissible violence, that is, mitigation culpability adu...

Institutional culture has become a buzzword in recent discussions of higher education in South Africa. Indeed, as references to it proliferate, there is a growing sense that institutional culture may well be the key to the successful transformation of higher education in South Africa. Or – to frame the matter as forcefully as do many recent analysts – it is simply the massive fact and bulk of i...

This note examines the constitutional and policy implications of criminal prosecutions for prenatal maternal substance abuse under statutes criminalizing drug delivery, child abuse, and manslaughter. Although only one of these convictions has been upheld in the thirty years since a prosecutor first brought such charges, prosecutors continue to propose new and increasingly inventive theories of ...

Numerous new bridges were needed when the railway line from London to Holyhead in Wales was built in the 1840s. The project’s chief engineer, Robert Stephenson, chose a cast iron girder design to cross the river Dee just outside Chester, and the bridge was finished in November 1846. About six months later, on 24 May 1847, a local train was crossing the final span when one of the girders failed ...

In Japan, there are no acts and, specific provisions or official guidelines on euthanasia, but recently, as I will mention below, an official guideline on "death with dignity" has been made. Nevertheless in fact, this guideline provides only a few rules of process on terminal care. Therefore the problems of euthanasia and "death with dignity" are mainly left to the legal interpretation by liter...

In an ironic twist, the absence of clinical notes sufficient to properly rule on manslaughter and forgery charges brought in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) against 77-year-old veteran Cape Town oncologist Professor Cyril Karabus may have led to his acquittal. On 6 December the prosecution failed for the second time to produce clinical notes made during the critical two weeks Karabus treated a 3...

A key factor in legal and moral judgments is intent. Intent differentiates, for instance, murder from manslaughter. Is this true for all moral judgments? People deliver moral judgments of many kinds of actions, including harmful actions (e.g., assault) and purity violations (e.g., incest, consuming taboo substances). We show that intent is a key factor for moral judgments of harm, but less of a...

Every year, a large amount of population reconciles gun-related violence all over the world. In this work, we develop computer-based fully automated system to identify basic armaments, particularly handguns and rifles. Recent work in field deep learning transfer has demonstrated significant progress areas object detection recognition. We have implemented YOLO V3 “You Only Look Once” model by tr...