STUDY DESIGN All parameters were measured manually and with a computed tomography (CT) scanner. For the manual measurements, a Vernier scale instrument was used. PURPOSE This study evaluates quantitatively pedicles of middle and lower cervical spine (C3 to C7) and to evaluate the possibilities of using these structures as anchors in posterior cervical fusion. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Pedicle ...

Objective: to compare the quality of obturation, instrumentation time and post-operative pain after pulpectomy in primary molars using manual K-files, Kedo-S Square rotary file systems. Material Methods: a double blinded randomized control trial was conducted 45 children, who were indicated for any one mandibular molars. The canal preparation done either hand files, or files based on groups ass...

objectives : cleaning and shaping of the root canal system is an important step in endodontic therapy. new instruments incorporate new preparation techniques that can improve the efficacy of cleaning and shaping. the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of mtwo and race rotary file systems in straightening the canal curvature using only one file or the conventional method. materials an...

The aim of this study was the morphological evaluation root surfaces subjected to manual (curette) and ultrasonic (conventional diamond tips) scaling. surface then polished with a rubber cup three medium-sized pastes. Ninety teeth were randomly divided into groups 30 different instrumentation: (1) instrumentation Gracey® curette; (2) standard steel tip (Universal Perio S-SERIES: USU, Hu-Friedy,...

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to compare the variation of manipulative forces produced by instruments and a manual technique. METHODS Four operators (2 experts and 2 novices) used 4 different mechanical instruments to apply force to a uniaxial load cell. A different group of 2 expert and 2 novice operators used a traditional manual technique to apply force to a sensor mat. Two primary ...

statement of problem: various factors are involved in causing inflammation following root canal treatment. controlling these factors may relieve the related pain. one of these factors is extrusion of debris beyond the apex. although debris extrusion happens in all instrumentation techniques, researchers have declared that in coronal flaring technique, there is minimum debris extrusion. purpose:...

conclusions it was concluded that ihlq might be a practical and useful tool for investigating hl for persian language speakers around the world. since hl is dynamic and its instruments should be regularly revised, further studies are recommended to assess hl with application of ihlq to detect its potential imperfections. results internal consistency and test-retest reliability (icc) of the fact...

Current improvements in nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary file systems have created a paradigm shift the root canal therapy of primary teeth. Therefore, it is necessary to perform comprehensive evaluation regarding efficiencies newly manufactured instruments for different parameters. The current study was conducted evaluate abilities RaceEvo, R-Motion, ProTaper Gold (PTG) curved canals with regard...

Identification of gram-negative bacilli, both enteric and nonenteric, by conventional methods is not realistic for clinical microbiology laboratories performing routine cultures in today's world. The use of commercial kits, either manual or automated, to identify these organisms is a common practice. The advent of rapid or "spot" testing has eliminated the need for some commonly isolated organi...