According to PARSON’s structural functionalism, politicians are in charge of establishing and preserving a functional society. Political decisions have to be effective regarding such functionality. Due to globalization and numerous worldwide trouble spots, more and more people leave their home countries. They concentrate themselves in cities like Berlin or New York. Such societies are deemed as...

Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) is a destructive virus of cucurbits in Iran. During 2008-2012 growing seasons a total of 366 cucurbit samples including melon, cucumber, snakemelon and squash with typical symptoms of CYSDV infection were collected from ten Provinces in Iran. They were screened by ELISA and the infectivity of ELISA-positive samples was confirmed by RT-PCR. The res...

Politicians in both parties and at all levels of government have raised what many call the opioid crisis to a level of public attention it has never seen before. This article reviews the approaches, including prevention, treatment, and medication-assisted therapy, being taken by federal and state authorities to combat the abuse of opioids.

Does politicians' enthusiasm for community treatment orders lie primarily in the area of public protection? If so, can such orders reduce homicide rates? Is there adequate evidence of their value, given their adverse effects on individual liberty? This well-researched and provocative debate will enlighten readers on these and many more of the complicated questions surrounding this issue.