Coastal marine habitats at the interface of land and sea are subject to threats from human activities in both realms. Researchers have attempted to quantify how these various threats impact different coastal ecosystems, and more recently have focused on understanding the cumulative impact from multiple threats. Here, the top threats to coastal marine ecosystems and recent efforts to understand ...

Marine birnavirus (MBVs) infect a wide range of fish and shellfish. Yet their mode of transmission is still unclear. To determine marine plankton serve as a vector for MABVs. The marine birnavirus (MABVs) is a member of Aquabirnavirus and an opportunistic pathogenic form among eukaryotic marine organisms and determine the viral presence in zooplankton as a vector, molecular diagnosis can be use...

Olav Sigurd Kjesbu1,2*, Anders Frugård Opdal3, Knut Korsbrekke4, Jennifer A. Devine1, and Jon Egil Skjæraasen1 Institute of Marine Research (IMR) and Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, Bergen N-5817, Norway Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), PO Box 1066 Blindern, Oslo N-0316, Norway Uni Research Computing and Hjort C...

Simulation of the marine environment has become an important tool across a wide range of human activities, with applications in coastal engineering, offshore industries, fisheries management, marine pollution monitoring, weather forecasting and climate research to name but a few. Hydrodynamic models have been under development for many years and have reached a high level of sophistication. Howe...

Ocean observation programs are integral to the development of integrated ecosystem assessments (IEAs), which provide the scientific basis for ecosystembased management (EBM). Ocean observation programs provide the basis for assessing the state of marine ecosystems and understanding the impacts of natural and anthropogenic forcing. They also underlie the development and testing of ocean models, ...

Coastal marine ecosystems can be managed by actions undertaken both on the land and in the ocean. Quantifying and comparing the costs and benefits of actions in both realms is therefore necessary for efficient management. Here, we quantify the link between terrestrial sediment runoff and a downstream coastal marine ecosystem and contrast the cost-effectiveness of marine- and land-based conserva...

The oceans are the Earth's largest ecosystem, covering 70% of our planet and providing goods and services for the majority of the world's population. Understanding the complex abiotic and biotic processes on the micro- to macroscale is the key to protect and sustain the marine ecosystem. Marine microorganisms are the 'gatekeepers' of the biotic processes that control the global cycles of energy...

The epipelagic and mesopelagic nekton communities of the northern California Current have been sampled somewhat continuously over the last four decades with bottom and pelagic trawls, small midwater trawls, and purse seines. We review the zoogeography and community and environmental associations of the dominant pelagic micronekton and nekton species in this region with a view to understanding t...

*Correspondence: Jacob Carstensen, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark e-mail: [email protected] Increases in human population and their resource use have drastically intensified pressures on marine ecosystem services. The oceans have partly managed to buffer these multiple pressures, but every single area of the oceans is now affected to some d...