The mastication is the first step in the digestion process and has as an objective prepare the food for the swallowing process and procession by the digestive system. (1-3) The masticatory sequence begins with the introduction of the food in the oral cavity, and ends with the swallowing of the bolus (2, 4, 5). Each masticatory sequence is a set of masticatory cycles, each cycle is composed by a...

this article presents an implementation of a reinforcement learning (rl) method for a snake like robot navigation. the paper starts with developing kinematics and dynamics model of a snake robot in serpentine locomotion followed by performing simulation and finishes with actual experimentation. first, gibbs-appell's method is used to obtain the robot dynamics. the robot is also modeled in simme...

The effect of food hardness during mastication on nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord was studied by analyzing complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced nocifensive behavior and Fos expression. The behavioral study showed that the shortening of the withdrawal latency following CFA injection into the hind paw was depressed after a change in the given food hardness from soft to hard. The d...

In vivo studies of jaw-muscle behavior have been integral factors in the development of our current understanding of the primate masticatory apparatus. However, even though it has been shown that food textures and mechanical properties influence jaw-muscle activity during mastication, very little effort has been made to quantify the relationship between the elicited masticatory responses of the...

Chronic psychologic stress increases corticosterone levels, which decreases bone density. Active mastication or chewing attenuates stress-induced increases in corticosterone. We evaluated whether active mastication attenuates chronic stress-induced bone loss in mice. Male C57BL/6 (B6) mice were randomly divided into control, stress, and stress/chewing groups. Stress was induced by placing mice ...

BACKGROUND The stomatognathic system and dysfunction in this system may be related to postural control. The proposal of the present study is to assess the effect of mandibular mobilization in individuals with temporomandibular disorder using surface electromyography of the muscles of mastication and stabilometric variables. METHODS/DESIGN A randomized, controlled, blind, clinical trial will b...

UNLABELLED To study mastication and swallowing disorders in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). OBJECTIVE To investigate mastication and swallowing disorders in patients with severe TMD referred to surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and experimental study involving ten individuals with TMD submitted to deglutition videofluoroscopy. These patients did not have posterior tee...

The need for simulation in medical environments increases with the complexity and risks of operations. Especially exact geometric planning is one of the main problems a surgeon has to deal with. The goal of our research is the development of a graphical simulation of the human mastication system. Therefore, we are developing an integrated model of the jaw by parameterizing the bones (maxilla an...

We have previously reported on the low lipid bioaccessibility from almond seeds during digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In the present study, we quantified the lipid released during artificial mastication from four almond meals: natural raw almonds (NA), roasted almonds (RA), roasted diced almonds (DA) and almond butter from roasted almonds (AB). Lipid release after masticat...

Mastication is achieved through the action of multiple organs working together, including the teeth, periodontal tissue, masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints, lips, cheeks, palate and tongue. In particular, the tongue plays a major role in the preparation phase of mastication, which includes the transport of food to the occlusal surfaces of molars and transferring the food bolus to the...