The number of herbivores in populations of ectothermic vertebrates decreases with increasing latitude. At higher latitudes, fish consuming plant matter are exclusively omnivorous. We assess whether omnivorous fish readily shift to herbivory or whether animal prey is typically preferred. We address temperature as the key factor causing their absence at higher latitudes and discuss the potential ...

Background The Champlain BASE™ (Building Access to Specialists through eConsultation) eConsult service allows primary care providers (PCPs) to submit patient-specific clinical questions to specialists via a secure web service. Objective Our objective was to describe the types of nephrology questions asked through an eConsult service based in eastern Ontario and assess the service's impact on ...

Background: Although inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients have been increasing and new therapeutic options for IBD have been developed, there are relatively few clinicians who specialize in IBD. Patients treated by a non-specialist of IBD may not receive appropriate treatment. This study aimed to compare disease and medication status between IBD patients treated by a specialist and those t...

BACKGROUND Alcohol use among medical specialists remains a delicate topic. However, the number of prevalence studies remains very limited in Western European countries. AIMS To explore alcohol use and hazardous drinking among male and female medical specialists. METHODS All medical specialists in Belgium--a typical Western European country regarding alcohol use--were invited to participate....

The difficulties specialized phytophagous insects face in finding habitats with an appropriate host should constrain their dispersal. Within the concept of metacommunities, this leads to the prediction that host-plant specialists should sort into local assemblages according to the local environmental conditions, i.e. habitat conditions, whereas assemblages of host-plant generalists should depen...

BACKGROUND GPs have no defined role in the excision of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Current guidelines recommend that all skin lesions suspicious of SCC should be referred urgently to secondary care. Evidence regarding current management of SCC in primary care is limited. Existing audit data suggest that up to 10% of SCCs may be excised in primary care. GPs may be able to have a greater rol...