In this work, novel cooperative communication strategies like Decode and Forward based relay schemes, joint maximum likelihood signal detection in combinational Multiple Input Output (MIMO) cognitive networks are used. The using Maximum-Likelihood (ML) detector at each relays, associated path links improves the quality of services destination node, which can be dynamically altered different com...

In many causal inference problems, one is interested in the direct causal effect of an exposure on an outcome of interest that is not mediated by certain intermediate variables. Robins and Greenland (1992) and Pearl (2001) formalized the definition of two types of direct effects (natural and controlled) under the counterfactual framework. The efficient scores (under a nonparametric model) for t...